Lyme Disease A Rapidly Spreading Infectious Disease

Introduction Lyme disease is a rapidly spreading infectious disease in the United States, with over 25,000 confirmed cases in 2013.5 It was first discovered in the early-1970’s in the town of Lyme, Connecticut when a group of children started to present with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Some of these children presented with a rash and researchers connected the symptoms to occurring during peak tick season. By the mid-1970’s, the researchers began describing the symptoms and coining the term â€Å"Lyme disease† to help doctors diagnose the condition. The cause, however, was not discovered until 1981 by researchers at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Montana and finally the connection between deer ticks and Lyme disease was†¦show more content†¦Typically, the rash will gradually expand over a period of several days and can reach up to a foot across and will feel warm to the touch. As it expands, the center of the rash will clear forming a ring and giving it the â€Å"bull’s eye† appearance. The rash will only appear in 70-80% of infected individuals.2 the individual may present with flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, chills, fever, headache, lethargy, myalgias or arthralgias.1 Stage 2 or the disseminated infection, is when neurological symptoms (15% of cases) such as stiff neck, mild headache, and difficulty with mentation will appear. Bell’s Palsy may also occur at this point. Approximately half of undiagnosed cases will develop Lyme arthritis and changing musculoskeletal pain.1 Swelling and pain in large joints as well as shooting pains that wake individuals at night may occur. There may be additional EM rashes over various parts of the body as well as heart palpitations and dizziness due to changes in heartbeat, which is known as Lyme carditis.2 This will begin days to weeks after the spirochete has spread.1 These symptoms may resolve on their own over weeks to months, but if Lyme is left untreated, it can result in long term symptoms and conditions or Stage 3.2 Stage 3 or late persistent infection will present months after the initial infection. 60% of untreated cases will develop intermittent arthritis causing severe joint pain and swelling. Additionally, approximately 5% will develop

Congo Poverty Free Essays

Poverty has worsened in the Republic of Congo since the 1980s and half the country’s people now live below the poverty line. This average, however, masks wide geographic and economic inequalities. Most of the country’s poor people (64. We will write a custom essay sample on Congo Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 per cent) live in rural areas and women are among the hardest hit by poverty. In 2006, more than a third of children under five in rural areas suffered from malnutrition. Access to water is also poor in rural areas where only 11 per cent of people can get water compared with 75 per cent of people in urban areas. Rural people also have a higher unemployment rate with close to 50 per cent of the economically active rural population being out of work. Young people and vulnerable groups are particularly hard hit. The country’s turbulent history — a troubled transition from centralized planning under a Marxist government to a market economy, together with economic mismanagement, military coups and brutal civil conflict during the 1990s — have all left their marks. The vital national rail line and adjacent rural roads forming the Congo’s economic lifeline were ruined. At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country’s people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became acute and the financial sector came close to collapse. Poverty became deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. Transportation costs are very high which seriously hampers small producers’ access to markets. HIV/AIDS affects 5. 3 per cent of the population, but affects the 15-49 year age group the most and is an obstacle to reducing poverty in the Congo. An estimated 90,000 adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003. The government supports a multi-agency initiative implementing a ten-year programme to assist people living with HIV/AIDS. Who are the Congo’s rural poor people? Although half the country’s people live below the poverty line, the poorest people are in rural areas where they earn a livelihood as are small-scale farmers and fishers. There are also poor people living in peri-urban areas who have no access to land. Because of the low population density in rural areas, access to land is not a major problem for most rural people. But in peri-urban areas, where small plots can be profitable, land has become a scarce resource, and people without access to land or off-farm employment are the poorest of the poor. The most vulnerable of all poor people are young people and women, who are the primary agricultural producers and processors. Where are they? Poverty is most severe in the Congo’s rural areas where people are more isolated and there is little investment. Why are they poor? Despite the country’s huge potential, there are several causes of the poverty in the Congo: * microfinance in rural areas is almost non-existent; low agricultural productivity as a result of traditional cultivation methods, insufficient use of inputs such as improved seeds and planting materials and fertilizers; * vehicles, access roads, crossings and navigation channels are in very poor condition which makes transport and other costs high; * difficulties in marketing because of weak collection and distribution organizati ons, basic processing equipment and a frail communication system connecting producers, traders and consumers. Not to be mixed with the neighboring Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has become the poorest country in the world as of 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire until 1997. Congo is the largest country in the world that has French as an official language – the population of D. R Congo is about six million larger than the population of France (71 million people in D. R Congo vs 65 million in France). The Second Congo War beginning in 1998 has devastated the country. The war that involves at least 7 foreign armies is the deadliest conflict in the world since World War II – by 2008 the Second Congo War and its aftermath had killed 5. 4 million people. How to cite Congo Poverty, Papers Congo Poverty Free Essays Poverty has worsened in the Republic of Congo since the 1980s and half the country’s people now live below the poverty line. This average, however, masks wide geographic and economic inequalities. Most of the country’s poor people (64. We will write a custom essay sample on Congo Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 per cent) live in rural areas and women are among the hardest hit by poverty. In 2006, more than a third of children under five in rural areas suffered from malnutrition. Access to water is also poor in rural areas where only 11 per cent of people can get water compared with 75 per cent of people in urban areas. Rural people also have a higher unemployment rate with close to 50 per cent of the economically active rural population being out of work. Young people and vulnerable groups are particularly hard hit. The country’s turbulent history — a troubled transition from centralized planning under a Marxist government to a market economy, together with economic mismanagement, military coups and brutal civil conflict during the 1990s — have all left their marks. The vital national rail line and adjacent rural roads forming the Congo’s economic lifeline were ruined. At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country’s people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became acute and the financial sector came close to collapse. Poverty became deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. Transportation costs are very high which seriously hampers small producers’ access to markets. HIV/AIDS affects 5. 3 per cent of the population, but affects the 15-49 year age group the most and is an obstacle to reducing poverty in the Congo. An estimated 90,000 adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003. The government supports a multi-agency initiative implementing a ten-year programme to assist people living with HIV/AIDS. Who are the Congo’s rural poor people? Although half the country’s people live below the poverty line, the poorest people are in rural areas where they earn a livelihood as are small-scale farmers and fishers. There are also poor people living in peri-urban areas who have no access to land. Because of the low population density in rural areas, access to land is not a major problem for most rural people. But in peri-urban areas, where small plots can be profitable, land has become a scarce resource, and people without access to land or off-farm employment are the poorest of the poor. The most vulnerable of all poor people are young people and women, who are the primary agricultural producers and processors. Where are they? Poverty is most severe in the Congo’s rural areas where people are more isolated and there is little investment. Why are they poor? Despite the country’s huge potential, there are several causes of the poverty in the Congo: * microfinance in rural areas is almost non-existent; low agricultural productivity as a result of traditional cultivation methods, insufficient use of inputs such as improved seeds and planting materials and fertilizers; * vehicles, access roads, crossings and navigation channels are in very poor condition which makes transport and other costs high; * difficulties in marketing because of weak collection and distribution organizati ons, basic processing equipment and a frail communication system connecting producers, traders and consumers. Not to be mixed with the neighboring Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has become the poorest country in the world as of 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire until 1997. Congo is the largest country in the world that has French as an official language – the population of D. R Congo is about six million larger than the population of France (71 million people in D. R Congo vs 65 million in France). The Second Congo War beginning in 1998 has devastated the country. The war that involves at least 7 foreign armies is the deadliest conflict in the world since World War II – by 2008 the Second Congo War and its aftermath had killed 5. 4 million people. How to cite Congo Poverty, Essay examples

Error in the Financial Statements and Reporting Free Sample

Question: (1) When finalising the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2014 two significant errors were made and there is debate as to whether we should simply adjust the financial statements in the current year or change last years financial statements as well. The IT system of the company was installed 3 years ago at a cost of approximately $3.5 million and was estimated to last 10 years. However the latest technology advancements indicate that this was a very optimistic estimate and that the maximum life span of this equipment will probably be not more than 6 years in total with little or no residual value. It was also discovered in August 2014 that a machine worth $2.2 million purchased in January 2014 was erroneously written off to repairs and maintenance instead of being capitalised. Deberella the marketing director thinks we should just adjust this years figures to account for these problems but Peter indicated that it was slightly more complicated than that. Could you please give us some advice on this? (2) A number of employees who work on our strategic management team have been with us for a number of years - at least 12 of them have been with us since the company commenced operations in 2006. In accordance with the Employee Bargaining Agreement (EBA) all employees are entitled to long service leave of 13 weeks if they remain in service for 10 years. They are also entitled to pro rata long service leave after 6 years of service. Our usual practice is to show the long service leave expense in the income statement when the employee actually takes leave and is paid. Of course we maintain a memorandum record of the number of days each employee is entitled to. Peter has indicated to us that he thinks we should consider treating this expense in a different manner, which seems complicated. The directors are wondering why we should complicate a very simple way of calculating long service leave why not stick with recognising the expense when we pay for it? What do you think we should do and why? (3) Peter, the new financial controller, has also informed the board that the company will need to present a statement of cash flows with the financial statements in addition to those statements already being presented, which really attracted a lot of attention. Some of the directors thought it was a waste of time to present this statement as it was merely a summarised cash book. Others were of the opinion that it could be useful but didnt quite know how they would use it. The structure of the statement of cash flows also came into question with one of the directors suggesting that we merely needed to get a printout of the cash account and attach it. Another said that we couldnt just do that as we needed to show operating, instigating and financing cash flows in the statement. Could you please clarify this matter for us? Answer: Correction of error in the financial statements: As per the requirements of the ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, any correction in the errors that have taken place during the previous year will not be considered to be the change in accounting. But reporting the correction of an error that has taken place during any of the previous year have to be included in the financial statements retrospectively.(IAS, 2015) The section 2500 is concerned with the changes in the accounting and the correction of errors. The Internal accounting standard number 8 deals with the changes in the accounting estimates. Also, IAS 8.36 specifies that any change shall be charged to the income and expenditure account and the effect for all the previous years will take place in the income and expenditure statement of the current year.(IFRS,2015) As per ASC 250, requires that the changes in the prior periods financial statements would only and only be made when it is not impossible to determine the specific effects of the changes in the prior periods and then, if this is the case, then the concerned codification requires the application of the new principles of accounting to the balance of the assets and the liabilities.(EY, 2015) When an error is corrected, the following conditions have to be met so as to restate the financial statements of the prior periods: 1. Showing the cumulative effects of all the periods that are prior as against those that were there during the beginning of the first period 2. Offsetting of the opening balances of the retained earnings account 3. Adjustments in the prior periods financial statements.(Boundless,2015) Hence, keeping in mind the facts and the circumstances of the given case, the life of the equipment will be changed and the amount that has been wrongly changed to the repairs and maintenance account and charged in the income and expenditure statement. The value of the equipment shall be added to it and depreciation shall be subtracted from the same. Accounting of the long service expense: As per the AASB 30, accounting for the employee benefits and entitlements, the liabilities that are incurred in respect of the following are necessarily required to be expensed in the income and expenditure account: 1. Wages and salaries, annual leave and the sick leaves without considering the fact whether they have to be settled within the period of 6 months or not. 2. The other employee benefits and the entitlements that are expected to be settled within the period of 12 months and whether they will be measured at their nominal values. All the employees entitlements shall be measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The amounts have to be paid to the employees for the services that have been rendered by them to the employer.(ACE. NSW, 2015) As per the AASB 119, any liability that is due and is scheduled to be paid within the next 12 months should be measured on the nominal basis.(DHHS, 2015) All the expenses that are incurred during the regular course of the business are required to be included in the income and expenditure and the same have to be aggregated as against the revenues of the same period. Importance of cash flow statement: A cash flow statement deals with the various inflows and the outflows of the cash that takes place during the year. The following are the reasons due to which the cash flow statement is important: 1. It helps in ascertaining the cash position of the company. If the company has the positive cash flows, only then, will the company be able to meet its liabilities. 2. This statement helps in ascertaining the various inflows and the outflows of the money in respect of a project 3. When the information has to be reported to the manager and the shareholders along with the creditor. This statement becomes necessary to be reproduced. 4. The company could go on to be low on cash even when it is earning losses since a huge amount of money may have been tied up in accounts receivables and inventory.(Boundless, 2015) 5. If the company has a huge outflow of money, then the statement will tell the owners the same since the owners would know after looking at it whether they are drawing too much cash from the business or not. 6. The preparation of a cash flow statement would lead the company avoid the bankruptcy. 7. The cash flow statement is divided into 3 parts and each of these parts will tell a different story altogether throwing light on the various flows of the cash. 8. The statement will tell the company about the various payment that have been made in respect of the loans and the interest on the loans.(SSH, CPA, 2015) 9. Cash flow statement will help the company in knowing the actual amount of cash that the company is holding and ensures that no default is made by the company in respect of loan repayments 10. When a loan is taken from the bank, the bank ascertains the cash flow position of the company. In case, the position of the company is not good, then no loan is given to the company. Also, if the company prepares a cash flow statement, it will know where the cash is flowing away and whether it will be able to pay off the loan in the future or not. (Small business chron, 2015) References: Ey.com, 'Advisory, Assurance, Tax, Transaction Services'. In, 2015, https://www.ey.com [accessed 25 January 2015]. Iasplus.com, 'ASC 250 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections'. In, 2015, https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/fasb/presentation/asc250 [accessed 25 January 2015]. Ifrsclass.com, 'IFRS Financial Reporting Accounting Textbook by IFRSclass.com'. In, 2015, https://ifrsclass.com/accounting-textbooks/ifrs-reporting/2500-accounting-changes-error-correction.htm [accessed 25 January 2015]. 'Importance of Cash Flow Accounting'. In, 2014, https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/detailed-review-of-the-statement-of-cash-flows-14/cash-flow-accounting-89/importance-of-cash-flow-accounting-399-3721/ [accessed 25 January 2015]. 'Overview of Statement Changes and Errors'. in , , 2014, https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/special-topics-in-accounting-income-taxes-pensions-leases-errors-and-disclosures-15/making-changes-and-correcting-errors-94/overview-of-statement-changes-and-errors-406-1905/ [accessed 25 January 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, 'Importance of Cash Flow to a Business'. In, 2015, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-cash-flow-business-57376.html [accessed 25 January 2015]. Ssh-cpa.com, 'Importance of the Cash Flow Statement: Shepard Schwartz Harris LLP'. In, 2015, https://www.ssh-cpa.com/newsroom-publications-dont-overlook-the-cash-flow-statement.html [accessed 25 January 2015]. www.ace.nsw.gov.au, 'Income and expenditure'. In, 2015, https://www.ace.nsw.gov.au/images/files/stats/Publications/Informed%20and%20In%20control/Module%208%20trial.pdf [accessed 25 January 2015]. www.dhhs.tas.gov.au, 'AASB 119'. In, 2015, https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__.../Financial_Accountability_Explanatory_Notes [accessed 25 January 2015].

Separate but Equal

Martin Luther King greatly contributed to the development of civil rights movement in the United States; in his books and essays, he was able to shape public views on the ethical aspects of civil disobedience and protests against social injustice and laws. This paper is aimed at discussing his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Separate but Equal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, it is necessary to analyze this work in terms of ethos, pathos, and logos and the way in which King balances these three appeals in order to convince the readers. It should be taken into consideration that King’s letter was a response to the Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen or Call for Unity. To a great extent, its authors disapproved demonstrations against segregation and urged African-American community to withstand their rights in courts, rather than organize public pro tests. This suggestion was hardly acceptable for Martin Luther King. Overall, it is possible to argue that King is able to show that civil disobedience is a legitimate way of bringing social change. This is the main thesis that should be analyzed. At first, Martin Luther King makes an explicit appeal to ethos or credibility of the speaker. In other words, he tries to demonstrate that he is competent and knowledgeable enough in order to represent the black community. For instance, he points out that he was â€Å"president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference† (King unpaged). Furthermore, he speaks about the work of this organization and its principles, especially the avoidance of violence and crime (King unpaged). It is important to remember that King’s letter was a response to the statement made important clergymen of Alabama (Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen). By appealing to ethos, King attempts to demonstrate that he was equally suitable for th e positions of leadership in the community. Furthermore, he appeals to the credibility in order to challenge the ideas expressed by his opponents who accused him of extremism (Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen unpaged). For example, he notes that Martin Luther, who was the leading figure, could also be called an extremist (King unpaged). In this way, the author wishes to show that activism is vital for overcoming injustice. One can argue that Martin Luther King successfully appeals to credibility and his claims appear to be more substantiated.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally the author pays much attention to the use of pathos or emotions that prompt readers to feel empathy for the black community. In other words, he makes readers experience the challenges faced by African-Americans. In particular, the author describes the injustice of segregation laws and their i mpact on the life of a human being. For instance, he speaks about the feelings of a father who has to tell his daughter that â€Å"she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television† (King unpaged). This is a direct reference to the segregation laws established in the United States; these rules prohibited black people from entering parks, restaurants, and so forth. Such an example can convince every person that segregation laws can hardly be called just. On the whole, Martin King does make readers empathize with the suffering with the black people who were deprived of many opportunities. This is one of King’s major achievements. Finally, the author appeals to the rationality of the readers in order to highlight the necessity for public protest against the segregation and discrimination. For example, he argues that community has to take action in order to bring improvements or change legislation that is considered to be unjust ( King unpaged). Furthermore, Martin Luther King notes that social progress is possible only because some people decided to challenge the authority of the state. For instance, he mentions Socrates who insisted on the intellectual freedom of philosophers and educators (King unpaged). To a great extent, his behavior could be viewed as disobedience to the law, but nowadays, no one can say that his actions were unethical. Furthermore, King speaks about the famous Boston Tea Party that was an important event in history of the American Revolution. People, who were engaged in this protest, were regarded as criminals or rebels, but later they turned into national heroes. Each of these examples is rather eloquent and convincing. In this way, King succeeds in disputing the arguments expressed by the clergymen of Alabama. His letter shows how citizens are obliged to protest against laws deny people their rights. It is possible to say that he succeeds in explaining his ideas to the readers.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on Separate but Equal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, King’s Letter is a good example of public rhetoric. The author is able to use ethos, logos, and pathos in order to make his arguments more convincing. He appeals to credibility, emotions, and logic to show that segregation laws can hardly be called just, and that individuals have a right to protest. The author was able to give a response to the critics of civil disobedience. Even now this letter is worth attention, because it enables readers better understand the ethical aspects of public protest and civil disobedience. Works Cited King, Martin 1963, Letter from Birmingham Jail. Web. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html . Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen 1963. Web. https://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/09a/mlk_day/statement.html. This essay on Separate but Equal was written and submitted by user Kaelyn Odonnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Technology Is Important

quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites... Free Essays on Technology Is Important Free Essays on Technology Is Important The idea that technology directs the lives of all Americans is what Neil Postman claims in his essay â€Å"Virtual Students, Digital Classrooms.† He says that technology uses us, so we need to learn how to use technology. However, because we depend on technology, it is essential to our daily lives. Therefore, technology is much more important than Postman gives it credit for being. Postman gives his readers the idea that if a child is not old enough to understand the real world and the parents put their child in front of the computer, they will get farther away from the real world. This could only happen if people let their children sit in front of the computer day and night during all of their spare time. Otherwise, children can use computers to benefit themselves. The internet is part of technology that is still new and growing quickly. Web sites are being made that can help children with their homework and studying. For example, for math the website has a link where if a child gets confused doing their homework and there is no one around to help, they can ask Dr. Math a question. This site is not only for young children, they also have a link for college mathematics. Other subjects that students can receive help in are science, English, foreign languages, and social studies. Puzzles and games are available to make learning these subjects fun and int eresting. For parents who work more than one job and do not have much time to spend at home helping their children with their homework, these sights are a blessing. My younger brother uses these sights to study for things like vocabulary tests. Since it is interesting and fun, he learns the words quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites...

Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves Dates: born September 22, 1515 (?), died July 16, 1557Married Henry VIII of England on January 6, 1540, divorced (annulled) July 9, 1540 Known for: safely divorcing from Henry and surviving Also known as: Anna von JÃ ¼lich-Kleve-Berg Ancestry: Like each of the wives of Henry VIII, as well as Henry himself, Anne could claim descent from Englands King Edward I. Father: John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves (died 1538) (he was a descendent of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy)Mother: Maria of JÃ ¼lich-BergBrother: William the Rich, Duke of JÃ ¼lich-Cleves-BergSister: Sybille, married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, Champion of the Reformation Anne was, as a young child, unofficially betrothed to Francis, heir to the Duke of Lorraine. About Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour, Henry VIIIs beloved third wife, had died. France and the Holy Roman Empire were forging an alliance. Though Jane Seymour had given birth to a son, Henry knew that he needed more sons to ensure the succession. His attention turned towards a small German state, Cleves, which might prove a solid Protestant ally. Henry sent his court painter Hans Holbein to paint the portraits of the princesses Anne and Amelia. Henry selected Anne as his next wife. Soon after the wedding, if not before, Henry was looking once again for a divorce. He was attracted to Catherine Howard, the political basis for the match was no longer as strong a motivation since France and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer allies, and he found Anne both uncultured and unattractive he is said to have called her Mare of Flanders. Anne, fully aware of Henrys marital history, cooperated in an annulment, and retired from court with the title Kings Sister. Henry gave her Hever Castle, where he had wooed Anne Boleyn, as her home. Her position and fortune made her a powerful independent woman, though there was little opportunity to exercise such power in any public sphere. Anne befriended Henrys children, riding in the coronation of Mary with Elizabeth. Bibliography: Anne of Cleves: Fourth Wife of Henry VIII, Mary Saaler, 1995. This book covers Annes years after her divorce, as one of the most powerful and wealthy women in the world.The Marrying of Anne of Cleves : Royal Protocol in Early Modern England, Retha Warnike. 2000.The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir, 1993.The Wives of Henry VIII, Antonia Fraser, 1993.Letters of the Queens of England 1100-1547, Anne Crawford, editor, 1997. Includes Anne of Cleves.Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII: Drawings and Miniatures from the Royal Library Windsor Castle, Reto Niggl and Jane Roberts, 1997. Religion: Protestant (Lutheran)

In the two(2) novels, analyze how the science in Science Fiction is Essay

In the two(2) novels, analyze how the science in Science Fiction is essential to making Science Fiction a literature of cognitive estrangement - Essay Example Individuals will then believe, that confidence, to be a sense of power. So, we can see the link between science, psychology and power, with science being the initiator. But, some times the acquired power could be a false sense of power as well. This paper will discuss this link and the role of science through the characters, Case and Armitage in Neuromancer written by William Gibson and through Androids in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, written by Philip K. Dick, and thereby analyze how the science in Science Fiction is essential to making Science Fiction a literature of cognitive estrangement. The environment in Neuromancer is full of science in the form of cyberspace. In that environment, the central character of Case, a computer hacker was recruited by a shadowy character, Armitage along with Molly to complete a series of missions. And in the course of the story, that mission control gets transferred to an Artificial Intelligence entity, named Wintermute, which uses Case’s services and science to integrate with another AI entity, Neuromancer. The mind of Case is an addicted one. Apart from the drug addict ness, which he suffered due to his low life; Case’s mind was also addicted to an entirely different entity, the entity of Cyberspace. That is, Case’s desire to connect to the cyberspace was thwarted by the injections of neurotoxins administrated by his corporate employers for his act of stealing. So, this injection of neurotoxins destabilized his nervous system and made him ‘handicapped’ to jack in the cyberspace. This of inability of Case to connect to the cyberspace created a sort of craving for the cyberspace and which only transformed into addiction. â€Å"For Case, whod lived for the bodiless exultation of cyberspace, it was the Fall. (Gibson p.12)†. And, this addicted mind got a new thought process when Mr. Armitage, wanted to utilize Case’s hacking abilities. So, using the computer technology and

The Planar Truss System Steel Truss Bridge Assignment

The Planar Truss System Steel Truss Bridge - Assignment Example In order to estimate the dead weight of the bridge truss system, the steel chamber’s weight had to be evaluated per every unit length and the entire length of the truss. Concrete and gravel make a major component of the bridge and it is mathematically critical to include their weights in the calculations. The total weight of the concrete used in the bridge was 24 Newtons per Cubic meter according to table A1, AS/NZS1170.1;2002. The steel of the bridged was assumed to be 310UB which was 453 Newtons per meter or 42.6 kilograms per meter. The following are the individual measurements obtained from the structure per every material used that included steel, concrete, and further explores the dead weight and live weight of the bridge truss system. To evaluate the total weight of the concrete used in the construction of the bridge, we had to first estimate the thickness of the bridge. In our approximation, we established that the thickness of the truss bridge system is 30 meters. This measurement was strictly taken on the concrete. Because we were covering the measurements in two dimensions, we divided the width by 2, which gave us 5. To get the dead load of the truss system, both the load of the steel and concrete had to be brought together by addition. The load of the concrete is 1764kN and that of steel is 1852.51kN. Therefore, the Dead load of the system is, In order to get the live load, both the weights of the bridge and that of the freight train had to be combined. There are two railway tracks constructed on the bridge alongside other features. The freight engines that are found in Melbourne are the NR; an abbreviation for the national Rail Class. They have an aggregate mass of about 132 tons. They also have lengths of 22meters.

African-Americans Fighting for Equality Essay Example for Free

African-Americans Fighting for Equality Essay African-Americans have been fighting for equality and freedom every since they were taken from Africa as slaves. They were stolen from their families and separated only to be servants to others as they were belittled, beaten, put down and treated as nothing. Many things have changed over the centuries, but African-Americans still fight everyday for different types of acknowledgements and equality. They have fought hard over the centuries to end segregation, discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights. Through the Civil Rights Movement African Americans played important roles American history with courage, strength, and struggling to live equal in America. We have learned about important people and events throughout history, but the fight against discrimination, segregation and isolation have not always been focused on. This paper will highlight how some of the well known and unknown people contributed towards the Civil Rights Movement, in which continues to be fought in present time. â€Å"Racial segregation was a system derived from the efforts of white Americans to keep African Americans in a subordinate status by denying them equal access to public facilities and ensuring that blacks lived apart from whites† (Lawson, 2009). Slaves lived in quarters far away from the master houses on the plantations, the only ones that lived in the house were the special chosen. â€Å"By the time the Supreme Court ruled in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) that African Americans were not U. S. citizens, northern whites had excluded blacks from seats on public transportation and barred their entry, except as servants, from most hotels and restaurants. When allowed into auditoriums and theaters, blacks occupied separate sections; they also attended segregated schools. Most churches, too, were segregated. † (Lawson, 2009). Rosa Parks was famous for her courage to stand for her right to sit where ever she wanted on a bus, but she was not the first or only one to make this choice. There was a fifteen year old girl that was arrested nine months earlier, but she was not attributed to the act because of her status of being a foul mouth tomboy and getting pregnant right after the incident (Young, 2000). Also when Rosa Parks was approached by the bus driver to move there were other African- American people sitting next to her, but because she spoke up first history gives her credit and was noticed by Dr. Martin Luther King. It needs to be known that many people were courageous in their act to fight for equal rights. Basically Parks was at the right place at the right time, â€Å"Parks arrest sparked a chain reaction that started the bus boycott that launched the civil rights movement that transformed the apartheid of Americas southern states from a local idiosyncrasy to an international scandal. It was her individual courage that triggered the collective display of defiance that turned a previously unknown 26-year-old preacher, Martin Luther King, into a household name† (Younge, 2000). Dr. Martin Luther King name goes down in history as the most well known activists through the years. He was known as a non violent activist, in which he adapted the philosophy from Gandhi, which was respected not only by the black race but also by all other races. King’s speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† became what African-American’s live by for centuries to come. Also there was the, â€Å"We Shall Overcome† speech on August 23, 1963. King’s words at the capital that day were a defining moment of the Civil Rights movement† (Bowles, 2011). King fought for civil rights until the day he was killed. There was a protest at Fisk University in Nashville in which three students was disgusted at the fact blacks could not sit at the lunch counters to eat. C. T. Vivian, Diane Nash and Bernard Lafayette protested with others in Nashville on April 19, 1960. â€Å"Nash confronted Mayor Ben West. In what she calls a divine inspiration, she asked the mayor to end racial segregation. He appealed to all not to discriminate. She asked him if he meant that to include lunch counters. He sidestepped. She said, Mayor, do you recommend that the lunch counters be desegregated? West said, Yes, and the battle was won. Within days, integration began† (Weier, 2001). While civil rights activists were fighting on the home front, African American men and women honorably performed their duties in two world wars. They bravely entered a military that was at odds about their presence and the appropriate roles for blacks. While more than 400,000 African American soldiers were going through basic training, receiving their assignments or facing the enemys bullets in World War I, riots against black citizens were escalating in the United States. By the time the Second World War ended, over one million black forces returned home to the U. S. equivalent of apartheid. Yet, with the knowledge of conditions at home, black soldiers still distinguished themselves in battles for freedoms, which they were unable to enjoy (Blakely, 1999). Discrimination was popular in the 1900’s and African-Americans stood up to be treated as equal Americans as the whites, especially in the World War II. â€Å"While willing to fight for their country, some also made a stand against discrimination while they served. For example, on April 12, 1945, the U. S. Army took 101 African American officers into custody because they directly refused an order from a superior officer. This was a serious charge because, if convicted, they would face the death penalty† (Bowles, 2011). They wanted to get acknowledged for their bravery and accomplishments in the war just the white soldiers. America waited decades for the African –American soldiers of the World War II to get the proper acknowledgements they deserve, which was too little too late. â€Å"These men were willing to die for the country; they were not eligible for many of the honors for their service. Though many deserved it, no African American could receive the Medal of Honor, the highest military award for bravery. Bill Clinton corrected this error 50 years later, bestowing the medal on seven men, but just one, Vernon Baker, was still alive (Bowles, 2011). These men were known as the Tuskegee Airmen and most of them died before receiving their honors. There were numerous movements and people, even African-American women whom had a hand in battling for equality. They had to fight not only for equality from racism, but also dealing with being judged by their gender. â€Å"The Womens Service Section (WSS) investigated federally controlled railroad stations and yards at the end of World War I. Few women worked in car cleaning before the war, and railroad management preferred to block women workers, especially African Americans, from gaining any kind of foothold in railroad work. African American women were the single largest group of railroad car cleaners during this period but they were routinely denied adequate facilities, including toilets, locker rooms, and dining facilities throughout the railroad system. By raising the issues of facilities, workers rights, and public health, these women shaped federal policy and widened the agenda of the WSS to include a direct attack on segregated workplaces† Muhammad, (2011). Black women wanted to have the same rights as others for going to school with safety and security. â€Å"In Brown v Board of Education (1954) the Supreme Court reversed its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. They held that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the US†. There were other significant African-American movements that changed history. â€Å"Starting in the 1960s, blacks in Akron began to push for an end to discrimination using various tactics, such as political action, workshops, and employment drives. Opie Evans edited the Akronite and began pushing for changes in his magazine. Protests widened to include sit-ins and other demonstrations† (McClain, 1996). African-Americans such as Martin Luther King Jr . and Malcolm X have become icons of the 1950’s and 1960’s, but the organizational skills and grassroots activism of women such as Ella Baker , Septima Clark , Rosa Parks and Fannie Lou Hamer propelled the movement forward to many successes and inspired a new generation of activists. African-Americans have come a long way fighting for equality and freedom every since the slavery time. They won their freedom and more equality than the ever had along with ending segregation. Many things have changed over the centuries, but African-Americans still fight everyday for different types of acknowledgements. They have fought hard to end segregation, most of discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights. References Blakely, Gloria. (1999). The 20th Century in CP Time: 1900-1949 We are a People. Sentinel,p. A8. Retrieved July 16, 2012, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 490544881). http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=490544881sid=2Fmt=3clientId=74379RQT=309VName=PQD Bowles, M. D. (2011). American History 1865- Present, End of Isolation, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved on June 11, 2012 from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUHIS204. 11. 2/sections/sec3. 7 Lawson, S. F. (2009). â€Å"Segregation. † Freedom’s Story, TeacherServe. National Humanities Center. Retrieved on July 16, 2012 from http://nationalhumanitiescenter. org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/segregation. htm | | Mcclain, S. R. , (1996). The Contributions of Blacks in Akron: 1825-1895, A Doctoral Dissertation, Retrieved on july 17, 2012 from http://www. ci. akron. oh. us/blackhist/timeline/index. htm Muhammad, R. (2011). SEPARATE AND UNSANITARY: African American Women Railroad Car Cleaners and the Womens Service Section, 1918-1920. Journal of Womens History, 23(2), 87-111,230. Retrieved July 16, 2012, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2377762701). http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=2377762701sid=3Fmt=3clientId=74379RQT=309VName=PQD Weier, A. (2001). She Socked Segregation Civil Rights Leaders Still Inspires Students, Madison Capital Times. Madison, WI, Retrieved July 27, 2012 from ProQuest. http://search. proquest. com/docview/395202519? accountid=32521 Younge, G. (2000). She Would Not Be Moved. The Guardian. London, UK. , Retrieved July 28, 2012 from ProQuest. http://search. proquest. com/docview/245609939? accountid=32521.

Hitchcock, The Artist :: essays research papers

Hitchcock, The Artist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shadow of a Doubt† was one of those movies I would flip right past if it happened to be on television. If I knew that it was a Hitchcock film, perhaps I’d pause for a few seconds to see if it looked scary. If it didn’t captivate me within those few seconds, I’d cruise right by until I found MTV. But, being somewhat forced to watch â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt† in class, I had no choice other than to buckle down and pay attention. I was pleasantly surprised. I expected some twists and turns, since it is an Alfred Hitchcock film. I didn’t expect the suspense or the romance. It was surprisingly entertaining in both plot and dialogue. I could tell by the many different film elements that this was a trademark Hitchcock film. â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt† is an Alfred Hitchcock work of art, because of its originality, openness to interpretation, and different approach to suspense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A work of art† is defined by Encarta Encyclopedia Online as â€Å"something made or done exceptionally well.† This film was unquestionably done well, if not exceptionally well. But, what does â€Å"done well† mean? I think it means that the work is completed fully with the best efforts of everyone involved. Not only is it fully researched, but meticulously planned and painstakingly designed. Therefore, the work in question is more like a child to those who created it, rather than a work of art. It contains their blood, sweat, and tears, and maybe a little insight into their minds. So, in the case of â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt† it is a work done well, by Alfred Hitchcock. Hitchcock was quoted in a 1998 review of â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt†, by Ted Prigge as saying â€Å"he enjoyed playing the audience like a piano.† Hitchcock did this almost effortlessly in this film (1). He had the ability to scare people, without shoving horror down their throats. It's what separated him from any other director of suspense: he knew the secret to scaring people was preying on real human emotions (1). His subtlety is what took â€Å"Shadow of a Doubt† from an everyday movie to an intricate thriller.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Movies of the past had a different approach to scaring the audience. In the 20th century, scary movies were more than entertainment. They were designed to lure the viewer into buying the action figures and tee shirts that the movie had spawned.

Ethics in the Case of Redesigning a Park Essay

In the course of pursuing any type of career, it is important that one undergoes training to teach them how to perform the particular job. For professionals such as engineers, doing the right job includes a lot more that what they were trained to do (Liao, 2013). These professionals must learn to be responsible to the public since they job involves interacting a lot with the members of the society For instance, if an engineer is contracted to construct a bridge, he must also consider whether the bridge will be safe for people to use besides looking at the cost of constructing that bridge (Liao, 2013). This means that professionals should be able to make judgment calls when required of them. In this light, this paper is a discussion of professional ethics as to whether closing an already existing park for two years in order to renovate it would be ethical or not. The park in question in this study is a large park that was in existence for more than thirty years. The park was used by many people during the weekends and evenings where they loved to relax and meditate about life. Moreover, many parents loved to take their children to this park where they would swing and play children’s games with their friends. The rest of the family would get to enjoy family picnics and barbeques and play different sports such as skating or bowling. Unfortunately, since the park was more than thirty years old, it had become old and degenerated and required to be renovated by a new developer. This meant that it had to be closed for almost two years for this to happen. The main ethical issue in this case is that the closure of the park will largely affect the social and interactive life of many families and people. Most of the people who frequented this park resided around the park and valued it for the relaxing effect it had on their lives. This was the place most people would meet, especially over the weekends to have chitchat as they watched their children play with each other. In overall, the park was very useful to everybody who visited it and formed part of his or her daily life routine. However, with the looming issue of redesigning the park and closing it down for two years, there are many ethical issues that require to be addressed. Assuming that I was part of the city urban planning council, I would allow the proposed project of the new park since it would bring a lot of beneficial developments to park users. According to the engineering values and ethical conduct, it is stated that engineers need to understand and promote the principles of sustainability and development. In addition, these professionals need to ensure that they uphold the high regard for environmental, social and economic obligations (Wang and Thompson, 2013). The code of engineering ethics was established by the engineers society in order to monitor the actions of fellow engineers during the course of their career (Hoke, 2013). This ethics code stipulated that engineers should not only consider the technical aspects of their work, but also the human side as well. Engineers need to ask themselves whether the projects are safe enough to the lives of people who will be beneficiaries of the building or facility they plan to put up. At all times, these professionals must make judgment calls that form part of the final decision they will make (Wang and Thompson, 2013). They must decide whether what is good for science and technology is equally good for humanity. There is always a certain responsibility to an expert in what they have created. In this case, allowing the proposed new park project will be beneficial to the previous users of the park. There are no engineering ethics that will be violated since people will be redirected to use another park and their lives will still be in safe hands elsewhere. The only violation that can be argued to be present in this project is that the cost of 20 million AED required in renovation and expansion may be a bit overboard. However, it can also be argued that the cost is justified due to the new developments that the project will bring into the new park. There are many ways that the renovations of the park, some of which may violate the engineering ethics conduct (Ameh and Odusami, 2010). First, renovation can be allowed to occur without the closure of the park. The second option would be to sub-divide the park into two parts such that the renovation occurs in a two- phase design. For each of these two decisions, there are serious consequences that may follow. In the first case, allowing the re-designing of the park while it is still in operation would endanger the lives of the people who will be frequenting the park. A building that is under construction may be a danger to the people around it. Considering that children frequent the park most of the time, they might endanger themselves in the course of play. Moreover, people who like talking a walk in the park may injure themselves in the course of the I walk through building materials and incomplete structures. In the second alternative, sub-dividing the park in order to redesign it in two phases may also have its own risks. For starters, sub-dividing the park would mean that the park would have more people in it than it usually holds. This would in turn lead to overcrowding and the park would no longer be conducive for relaxation. Moreover, it also means that the available recreational facilities would be strained such that their efficiency of park users will reduce much easily over time. In this regard, the decision to close down the park in order to re-design it would remain the most ethical approach to this matter. After the construction, the park is expected to have admirable designs and structures that people would enjoy walking through. Moreover, the new park will also have relaxation joints such as food cafes, restaurants, boutiques and public libraries. With all these features, the new park is expected to be admirable and will definitely improve the social lives of the people who frequent it. However, those families that enjoy having barbeques in the park will suffer since barbecues will no longer be allowed because of the danger of fires spreading. This is one of the disadvantages that creating the new park would have. However, when the ups are weighed against the downs, it remains very logical that redesigning of the park will have many numerous benefits to the users of this park. In conclusion, the re-designing of the park will bring with it many benefits that the users will live to enjoy. With regard to the engineering code of conduct, closure of the park for two years would mean that the lives of people would not be endangered since they will be re-directed to use other parks within the city. During the course of the two years, the park will be given a new facelift where additional social amenities and designs will be put up to enhance the appearance of the park. Ultimately, the new park would be beneficial to the frequenters once the re-designing project is complete. References Ameh, O. J., & Odusami, K. T. (2010). Professionals’ Ambivalence toward Ethics in the Nigerian Construction Industry.  Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice,  136(1), 9-16. Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2010)136:1(9) Hoke, T. (2013). Maintaining Zero Tolerance for Bribery, Fraud, and Corruption.  Civil Engineering (08857024),  83(3), 36-37. Liao, S. C. (2013). Enhancing Ethics and the Competitive Environment by Accounting for Conflict of Interest in Project Procurement. Leadership & Management in Engineering,  13(2), 86-95. Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000219 Wang, G., & Thompson, R. (2013). Incorporating Global Components into Ethics Education.  Science & Engineering Ethics,  19(1), 287-298. Doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9295-x Source document

Resume of Joe Rizal

CURRICULUM VITAE Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda Personal Information: Home address: Calamba, Laguna Date of Birth: June 19, 1861 Place of Birth: Calamba, Laguna, Philippines Height: 5 feet Weight: 42 kg/ 411. 6 N Job Experience: Student Assistant (April 2010 and April 2011) Saint Louis University Human Resource Department Baguio City, Philippines Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. File copies of different letters. 2. Sort files alphabetically to their respective filing cabinets. 3. Classify and sort files of different departments and colleges. 4. Assist in the making and laminating in the identification cards of employees. 5. Assist in instructing and organizing of the enrolment of working scholars. Enrolment helper (May 2010 and May 2011) Saint Louis University- Laboratory Elementary School Medical and Dental Clinic Baguio City, Philippines Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Give medical forms to the parents or guardians of incoming kinder and transferee pupils. 2. Instruct the parents and guardians on what to place on the forms. 3. Give the parents and guardians their corresponding number for the proper sequence of entering the clinic. . Sort and file the medical records of the new pupils. 5. Classify and file the medical records of the pupils according to their sections for the next school year. Working scholar (November 2009-March 2011) Saint Louis University- Laboratory Elementary School Medical and Dental Clinic Baguio City, Philippines Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Assist the nurses in first aid procedures. 2. Assure the cleanliness of the clinic. 3. Assure the safety of the pupils, specially the lower grade pupils (kinder to grade 3) by bringing them back to their specific classrooms. 4. File patients’ health cards to their respective place. 5. Assist in the medical dental and medical check-up. 6. Wash and dry dental instruments. Educational Attainment: College: Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878) University of Santo Tomas Sampaloc, Manila Philippines Course on Surveying Ateneo de Manila (1877-1878) Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Metro Manila Philippines Medicine (1878-1882) University of Santo Tomas Sampaloc, Manila Philippines Medicine & Philosophy and Letters Universidad Central de Madrid Madrid, Spain Secondary: Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877) Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Metro Manila Philippines Elementary: Mabini Elementary School (1999-2005) Baguio City, Philippines Skills and Hobbies: Skills: * Ability to work under pressure * Can write speeches, scripts and reports * Flexible in working in a multi-cultural working environment * Literate in Computer programs: * Microsoft Word * Microsoft PowerPoint * Microsoft Excel * Microsoft Access * Microsoft Publisher * Microsoft Photoshop * Movie Maker Hobbies: * Reading books, watching movies, listening to music, editing pictures, making movies in movie maker, writing poems, singing, playing the piano and uitar. * Sports: * Volleyball Seminars: The taxation approach * November 28, 2010 * AVR Devesse building, Maryheights Campus, Bakakeng, Baguio City Insurance, Savings, and Investments * January 30, 2011 * Center for Culture and the Arts, Saint Louis University Relevant Issues with the CARPer * September 18, 2011 * AVR Devesse building, Maryheights Campus, Bakakeng, Baguio City Character References: I, do hereby, attest that the above statements are true, correct and updated to the best of my knowledge.

Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Essays

Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Essays Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Paper Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Paper Essay Topic: Maus The Maus graphic books are award-winning comics written by Art Spiegelman. They are non-fictional stories of Art and his father, Vladek. Spiegelman demonstrates that all suffering does is cause pain, it does not create noble people. Spiegelman exemplifies this through his characters, for example, Anja committed suicide after suffering for the duration of the holocaust. Anjas death along with the holocaust also made a huge impact on Vladeks life.After all of Vladeks traumatic experiences he takes it out on Mala and this shows shows the reader that Mala herself goes through a lot of pain. The suffering they went through proves that only only pain was caused and their lives were only more difficult. Anja commited suicide after the suffering through the holocuast and this demonstrates that suffering does not create better people, instead, only pain is implanted. From the period of the holocaust, anjas mental state was not positive. She declares but i dont care, i just dont want to live.A nja shows signs of depression. She had depression and anxiety before the war, which left her more vulnerable to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which impaired her ability to live a normal life. Spiegelman also show that suvivors, like anja, feel like they did not do all they could have to help their family and feel guilty for moving on with their life. Vladek described her before they were married as always being anxious. Anja was unable to cope with the loss of her son and almost the entire family. Years afterwards she commited suicide.Therefore, this proves the point that suffering does not make her noble but traumatised and this disturbed Vladek enormously because without Anja, the love of his life, Vladek was at a loss. The death of Anja along with the experiences Vladek gained from the holocaust put a lot of weight onto his life and has greatly affected his way of thinking. It is definate that vladek portray signs of miserliness and he also states that from my good eye, from my glass eye, if theyre open or theyre closed, always im thinking of anja.This suggests that he cant let go of his past and becomes rather apprensive and paranoid like many other victims. On account of the war, he was transformed from a successfull, happily married father to a lonely man without a purpose or joy. With the loss of all he loved he becomes somewhat more attached to things than to people, it was as if he had lost faith in people. Vladeks anxiety can also be shown through his dreams. Vladek has had nightmares ever since he had been in the concentration camps which is another common symptom of survivors.One night Art and his wife Francois hear Valdek moaning in his sleep. When Francois asks what the noise is, he explains, hes moaning in his sleep again. when i was a kid i thought that was the noise all grown-ups made while they slept. Consequently, suffering only causes pain and because of what Vladek has experienced, it is clear that he only lives with sadness and d oes not become noble. From Vladeks pain, he constantly takes it out on his second wife, mala, and on his son Artie. With Mala, Vladek is really critical towards her and he comments on the smallest things.He is critical of everything mala does, the chicken i thought, was too dry. He expresses his fustration at the situation saying i tell you, with mala i dont know what to do. He puts her in a difficult position and as seen in the book many times, she had been upset about Vladeks behaviours almost constanly. It is clear that this character undergoes some kind of difficulty and does not become a better person as she chose to leave Vladek in the end along with all of his money. It is also obvious that artie himself suffers from depression.He has been in a mental institution and sees a psychiatrist to help him deal with his issues. he confesses to his psychiatrist that all he remebers about his father is arguing with him and never feeling good enough. The psychiatrist explains to him tha t Vladek probably inflicted these feelings on him, out of his own need to feel like he survived because he was better, to ease his guilt. On the other hand, Art also feels guilty for surviving. Vladek makes him feel as though he will never live up to the memory of his brother, Richieu, who died in the war, and guilty for not having been through what they did.However, for Artie to have lived in the shadows of the holocaust for his whole life, to often see the long lasting effects it has had on his father. it is natural for him to feel some kind of guilt about having had an easier life than they did. Art was also greatly affected by the suicide of anja and this was shown in a very emotional comic Art wrote soon after his mothers death. Furthermore, it is undeniable that suffering does not create noble people and it only causes pain and sorrow.This text teaches us that all suffering does is cause pain and does not create better people. Anjas departure after the holocaust proves that su ffering does not make better people, it only causes pain. Anjas death along with the holocaust made a huge impact on vladeks life and it is clear that he struggles to become noble and this character only portrays pain and mental suffering. Deriving out of vladeks pain, he takes out his own miserliness on both art and mala making them suffer and proves that suffering does not make them better people Fiona

The History of Bogota, Colombia

The History of Bogota, Colombia Santa Fe de Bogot is the capital of Colombia. The city was founded by the Muisca people long before the arrival of the Spanish, who established their own city there. An important city during the colonial era, it was the seat of the Viceroy of New Granada. After independence, Bogota was the capital of first the Republic of New Granada and then Colombia. The city has occupied a central place in Colombias long and turbulent history. The Pre-Colombian Era Before the arrival of the Spanish into the region, the Muisca people lived on the plateau where modern-day Bogot is located. The Muisca capital was a prosperous town called Muequet. From there, the King, referred to as the zipa, ruled the Muisca civilization in an uneasy alliance with the zaque, ruler of a nearby city on the site of present-day Tunja. The zaque was nominally subordinate to the zipa, but in fact the two rulers often clashed. At the time of the arrival of the Spanish in 1537 in the form of the Gonzalo Jimà ©nez de Quesada expedition, the zipa of Muequet was named Bogot and the zaque was Tunja: both men would give their names to the cities the Spanish founded on the ruins of their homes. The Conquest of the Muisca Quesada, who had been exploring overland from Santa Marta since 1536, arrived in January of 1537 at the head of 166 conquistadors. The invaders were able to take the zaque Tunja by surprise and easily made off with the treasures of that half of the kingdom of the Muisca. Zipa Bogot proved more troublesome. The Muisca chief fought the Spanish for months, never accepting any of Quesadas offers to surrender. When Bogot was killed in battle by a Spanish crossbow, the conquest of the Muisca was not long in coming. Quesada founded the city of Santa Fà © on the ruins of Muequet on August 6, 1538. Bogot in the Colonial Era For a number of reasons, Bogot quickly became an important city in the region, which the Spanish referred to as New Granada. There was already some infrastructure in the city and plateau, the climate agreed with the Spanish and there were plenty of natives who could be forced to do all the work. On April 7, 1550, the city became a Real Audiencia, or Royal Audience: this means that it became an official outpost of the Spanish Empire and citizens could resolve legal disputes there. In 1553 the city became home to its first Archbishop. In 1717, New Granada - and Bogot in particular - had grown enough that it was named a Viceroyalty, putting it on a par with Peru and Mexico. This was a big deal, as the Viceroy acted with all of the authority of the King himself and could make very important decisions alone without consulting Spain. Independence and the Patria Boba On July 20, 1810, patriots in Bogot declared their independence by taking to the streets and demanding the Viceroy step down. This date is still celebrated as Colombias Independence Day. For the next five years or so, Creole patriots fought mainly among themselves, giving the era its nickname Patria Boba, or Foolish Homeland. Bogot was retaken by the Spanish and a new Viceroy was installed, who initiated a reign of terror, tracking down and executing suspected patriots. Among them was Policarpa Salavarrieta, a young woman who passed information to the patriots. She was captured and executed in Bogot in November 1817. Bogot remained in Spanish hands until 1819, when Simà ³n Bolà ­var and Francisco de Paula Santander liberated the city following the decisive Battle of Boyac. Bolivar and Gran Colombia Following liberation in 1819, creoles set up a government for the Republic of Colombia. It would later be known as Gran Colombia to distinguish it politically from present-day Colombia. The capital moved from Angostura to Cà ºcuta and, in 1821, to Bogot. The nation included present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador. The nation was unwieldy, however: geographical obstacles made communication extremely difficult and by 1825 the republic began to fall apart. In 1828, Bolà ­var narrowly escaped an assassination attempt in Bogot: Santander himself was implicated. Venezuela and Ecuador separated from Colombia. In 1830, Antonio Josà © de Sucre and Simà ³n Bolà ­var, the only two men who might have saved the republic, both died, essentially putting an end to Gran Colombia. Republic of New Granada Bogot became the capital of the Republic of New Granada, and Santander became its first president. The young republic was plagued by a number of serious problems. Due to the wars of independence and failure of Gran Colombia, the Republic of New Granada began its life deep in debt. Unemployment was high and a major bank crash in 1841 only made things worse. Civil strife was common: in 1833 the government was nearly toppled by a rebellion led by General Josà © Sard. In 1840 an all-out civil war broke out when General Josà © Marà ­a Obando tried to take over the government. Not all was bad: the people of Bogot began printing books and newspapers with materials produced locally, the first  Daguerreotypes  in Bogot were taken and a law unifying the currency used in the nation helped end confusion and uncertainty. The Thousand Days War Colombia was torn apart by a Civil War referred to as the  Thousand Days War  from 1899 to 1902. The war pitted liberals, who felt they had unfairly lost an election, against conservatives. During the war, Bogot was firmly in the hands of the conservative government and although the fighting got close, Bogot itself did not see any strife. Still, the people suffered as the country was in tatters after the war. The Bogotazo and La Violencia On April 9, 1948, presidential candidate Jorge Elià ©cer Gaitn was gunned down outside of his office in Bogot. The people of Bogot, many of whom had seen him as a savior, went berserk, kicking off one of the worst riots in history. The  Bogotazo,  as it is known, lasted into the night, and government buildings, schools,  churches, and businesses were destroyed. Some 3,000 people were killed. Informal markets sprung up outside of town where people bought and sold stolen items. When the dust had finally settled, the city was in ruins. The Bogotazo is also the informal beginning of the period known as La Violencia, a ten-year reign of terror which saw paramilitary organizations sponsored by political parties and ideologies take to the streets at night, murdering and torturing their rivals. Bogot and the Drug Lords During the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia was plagued by the twin evils of drug trafficking and revolutionaries. In Medellà ­n, legendary drug lord  Pablo Escobar  was by far the most powerful man in the country, running a billion-dollar industry. He had rivals in the Cali Cartel, however, and Bogot was often the battleground as these cartels fought the government, the press and one another. In Bogot, journalists, policemen, politicians, judges, and ordinary citizens were murdered on a nearly daily basis. Among the dead in Bogot: Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, Minister of Justice  (April  1984), Hernando Baquero Borda, Supreme Court Judge  (August  1986) and Guillermo Cano, journalist  (December  1986). The M-19 Attacks The 19th of April Movement, known as the M-19, was a Colombian socialist revolutionary movement determined to overthrow the Colombian government. They were responsible for two infamous attacks in Bogot in the 1980s. On February 27, 1980, the M-19 stormed the Embassy of the Dominican Republic, where a cocktail party was being held. Among those in attendance was the Ambassador of the United States. They held the  diplomats  hostage for 61 days before the standoff was settled. On November 6, 1985, 35 rebels of the M-19 assaulted the Palace of Justice, taking 300 hostages including judges, lawyers and others who worked there. The government decided to storm the palace: in a bloody shootout, more than 100 people were killed, including 11 of 21 Supreme Court Justices. The M-19 eventually disarmed and became a political party. Bogot Today Today, Bogot is a large, bustling, thriving city. Although it still suffers from many ills such as crime, it is much safer than in recent history: traffic is probably a worse daily problem for many of the citys seven million inhabitants. The city is a great place to visit, as it has a little of everything: shopping, fine dining, adventure sports and more. History buffs will want to check out  the July 20 Independence Museum  and  Colombias National Museum. Sources Bushnell, David.  The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself.  University of California Press, 1993.Lynch, John.  Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006.Santos Molano, Enrique.  Colombia dà ­a a dà ­a: una cronologà ­a de 15,000 aà ±os.  Bogota: Planeta, 2009.Silverberg, Robert.  The Golden Dream: Seekers of El Dorado. Athens: the Ohio University Press, 1985.

Social work Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social work - Personal Statement Example f social assistance and responsibility, work to enhance practices of social work in developing countries, and successfully educate my audiences and patients on ways to empower themselves and pursue a healthy lifestyle. I enjoy helping people in need. Making a difference in people’s lives is the main reason for choosing a career in social work. I acquired some understanding in the field of family and child social care while growing up in a foster care ran by my aunt. I valued the intense hard work put into caring for the children individually. I realised from an early age that I would like knowing more about this field. I also volunteered at a child services centre to gain a better insight into the kind of skills and resources required to support needy children. I learned more about the role of a social worker in terms of working on multidisciplinary care reviews that helped the child services centre determine their current necessities and wishes. In the process, the centre recognized its future aims and preferred outcomes. Eventually, I helped the children become enabled, independent, realise their civil liberties, responsibilities, identity, and build on their self-worth. I enjoy dealing with children. At the social services centre, I offered constant emotional support to the children, especially during challenging events and development stages. This supports involves learning ways to communicate with children regarding sensitive more embarrassing issues in an appropriate way. As a result, I understood and was ready to support their responses to my social working skills and therapy methods. This post significantly enhanced my communication skills, patience with children, and initiative to offer social support. I needed this enhancement considering I only had experience with children going back to the foster care ran by my aunt when I was 12 years old. I enjoy helping children come more aware of newly learned principles and beliefs while expressing respect for