Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Tituba was among the initial three individuals blamed for being a witch during the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692. She admitted to black magic and charged others. Tituba, otherwise called Tituba Indian, was aâ household slave and worker whose birth and demise dates are obscure. Tituba Biography Little is known about Titubas foundation or even root. Samuel Parris, later to assume a focal job in the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692 as the town serve, carried three oppressed people with him when he came to Massachusetts from New Spain Barbados in the Caribbean. We can figure from the conditions that Parris got responsibility for in Barbados, presumably when she was twelve or a couple of years more established. We don't have the foggiest idea whether he acquired such proprietorship in repayment of an obligation, however that story has been acknowledged by a few. Parris was, at the time he was in New Spain, not yet wedded and not yet a priest. At the point when Samuel Parris moved to Boston from New Spain, he brought Tituba, John Indian and a little fellow with him as family slaves. In Boston, he wedded and later turned into a clergyman. Tituba filled in as a maid. In Salem Village Fire up. Samuel Parris moved to Salem Village in 1688, a possibility for the situation of Salem Village serve. In around 1689, Tituba and John Indian appear to have hitched. In 1689 Parris was officially called as the pastor, given a full deed to the parsonage, and the Salem Village church sanction was agreed upon. Tituba would not likely have been straightforwardly associated with the developing church strife including Rev. Parris. Be that as it may, since the contention remembered retaining pay and installment for kindling, and Parris whined about the impact on his family, Tituba presumably would likewise have felt the deficiency of kindling and food in the house. She would likewise have likely known about the distress in the network when attacks were propelled in New England, firing up again in 1689 (and called King Williams War), with New France utilizing both French officers and neighborhood Indians to battle against the English pilgrims. Regardless of whether she knew about the political clashes around Massachusetts status as a settlement isn't known. Regardless of whether she knew about Rev. Parris lessons in late 1691 notice of Satans impact around is likewise not known, however it appears to be likely that his feelings of dread were known in his family unit. Sufferings and Accusations Begin In mid 1692, three young ladies with associations with the Parris family unit started to show abnormal conduct. One was Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, the nine-year-old little girl of Rev. Parris and his significant other. Another was Abigail Williams, age 12, called family or a niece of Rev. Parris. She may have filled in as a family unit hireling and an ally to Betty. The third young lady was Ann Putnam Jr., who was the little girl of a key supporter of Rev. Parris in the Salem Village church struggle. There is no source before the last 50% of the nineteenth century, remembering transcripts of declaration for the assessments and preliminaries, that underpins the possibility that Tituba and the young ladies who were informers drilled any enchantment together. To discover what was causing the sufferings, a nearby specialist (apparently William Griggs) and a neighboring pastor, Rev. John Hale, were brought in by Parris. Tituba later affirmed that she saw dreams of the fallen angel and witches amassing. The specialist analyzed the reason for the sufferings as Evil Hand. A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, exhorted John Indian and conceivably Tituba to make a witchs cake to distinguish the reason for the underlying distresses of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. The following day, Betty and Abigail named Tituba as a reason for their conduct. Tituba was blamed by the little youngsters for appearing to them (as a soul), which added up to an allegation of black magic. Tituba was interrogated regarding her job. Fire up. Parris beat Tituba to attempt to get an admission from her. Tituba Arrested and Examined On February 29, 1692, a capture warrant was given for Tituba in Salem Town. Capture warrants were additionally given for Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. Every one of the three of the denounced were inspected the following day at Nathaniel Ingersolls bar in Salem Village by neighborhood officers Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. In that assessment, Tituba admitted, naming both Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good as witches and portraying their ghostly developments, incorporating meeting with the demon. Sarah Good guaranteed her guiltlessness yet involved Tituba and Osborne. Tituba was addressed for two additional days. Titubas admission, by the guidelines of the court, shielded her from being attempted later with others, including the individuals who were in the long run seen as liable and executed. Tituba apologized as far as concerns her, saying she cherished Betty and intended no damage. She remembered for her admission confounded stories of black magic all good with English people convictions, not voodoo as some have asserted. Tituba herself went into a fit, professing to be harrowed. After the officers completed their assessment of Tituba, she was sent to prison. While she was detained, two others blamed her for being one of a few ladies whose apparitions theyd seen flying. John Indian, through the preliminaries, additionally had various fits when present for the assessment of denounced witches. Some have theorized this was a method of diverting further doubt of himself or his significant other. Tituba herself is barely referenced in the records after her underlying capture, assessment, and admission. The Rev. Parris vowed to pay the charge to permit Tituba to be discharged from jail. Under the standards of the province, like principles in England, even somebody discovered guiltless needed to pay for costs caused to detain and take care of them before they could be discharged. Be that as it may, Tituba abjured her admission, and Parris never paid the fine, apparently in counter for her recantation. After the Trials The following spring, the preliminaries finished and different detained people were discharged once their fines were paid. Somebody paid seven pounds for Titubas discharge. Apparently, whoever paid the fine had bought Tituba from Parris. A similar individual may have bought John Indian; the two of them vanish from every single known record after Titubas discharge. A couple of chronicles notice a little girl, Violet, who stayed with the Parris family. Tituba in Fiction Arthur Miller incorporates Tituba in his 1952 play, The Crucible, which utilizes the Salem witch preliminaries as an allegory or relationship to twentieth century McCarthyism, the interest, and boycotting of charged Communists. Tituba is portrayed in Millers dramatization as starting black magic as play among the young ladies of Salem Village.In 1964, Ann Petry distributed Tituba of Salem Village, composed for kids ten and older.Maryse Condã ©, a French Caribbean essayist, distributed I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem which contends that Tituba was of dark African heritage.â Tituba Bibliography Notwithstanding specifies in different assets in the general Salem Witch preliminaries book index, these references might be particularly useful in finding out about Tituba: Elaine Breslaw. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. 1996.Chadwick Hansen. The Metamorphosis of Tituba, or Why American Intellectuals Cant Tell an Indian Witch from a Negro. The New England Quarterly, March 1974.Bernard Rosenthal. Titubas Story. The New England Quarterly, June 1998.Bernard Rosenthal. Dim Eve. Entranced: Women and Witchcraft in America. Altered by Elizabeth Ries. 1998.

Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo Free Online Research Papers Hindi biro ang dinaanan ng sangkatuhan bago makaabot sa kasalukuyang kalagayan. Dumaan tayo sa sarisaring pagsubok ng kalikasan para patunayan na tayo ang pinakadakilang nilikha sa sandaigdigan. Sa pagtatapos ng Ice Age (mga 2-3 milyong taon na ang nakalilipas), nagwakas ang buhay ng maraming dambuhalang hayop sa kasaysayan ng lupa na sya namang nagluwal sa pamamayani ng tao (Tarbuck at Lutgens, 2003: 143). Ang tao ang nanatiling matatag. Ang tao ang karapat-dapat maghari sa lahat ng nilalang. Sa pamamagitan ng kakayahan ng hayop o tao na makiayon sa mga pagbabago ng kanyang kapaligiran upang mabuhay at ang mahina o hindi makasabay ay namamatay, pinalad ang tao na magpatuloy mamuhay. Higit itong kilala sa tawag na characteristic determination. Ito ay ang palaging pwersang pumipilit na pabutihin ang kaantasan ng mga uri ng specie sa isang matatag na kapaligiran, upang bigyan lalo ng kalamangan ang specie (Bawler 2003: 170-172). Narito ngayon ang Bagong Tao o Modern Man mula sa mahabang ebolusyon ng Australopithecines, Pithecanthrophines at Neantherdals. 35,000 taon nang namamayani ang Makabagong tao (Brace, 1995). Ang wika ay nananahan sa kaliwang bahagi ng ating utak. Kasama ng wika ay ang pagiging analitikal, mula-sa-malaki-tungo-sa-maliit, pagkakasunod-sunod, pagiging makatwiran, tutok sa oras at pagpapaliban sa ginagawa (Hampden-Turner 1981, 86-89). Ngunit ang utak na ito ay dumaan sa mahabang proseso bago maging ganap na kaagapay ng tao sa pag-iral at pananatiling dominanteng nilalang sa ibabaw ng lupa. Pinaniniwalaan na may bahagi ng utak ng taong nananatiling primitibo. Ito ay ang reptilian at paleomammalian (limbic) cerebrum. Pinaniniwalaang sa reptillian mind naka-program ang sense ng pagiging tao samantalang sa paleomammalian cerebrum naman nakahimlay ang sarap at hirap na karanasan. Ang mga ito ang naging hanguan-impukan ng buhay at karanasan ng ebolusyon ng tao. Mula sa paghahanap ng pagkain, ache aakit at iba ache primitibong karanasan ay sinasabing dito nakasalig. Ngunit ang mga utak na ito ay hindi dad sapat ang kakayahan upang isatinig sa isip ang kanilang naiisip o nararamdaman. Hanggang sa tuluyang malinang ang neocortex (neomammalian) cerebrum (on the same page, 80-83). Dito na nagtagni ang karanasan at iniisip ng tao. Dito na nagsimulang lapatan ng tao ng pangalan ang mga karanasang pinagdaraanan (tignan ang larawan). Ang Ebolusyon ng Utak ng Tao Ang ebolusyon ng utak ng tao batay sa aklat na Maps of the Mind (Charts and Concepts of the Mind and Its Labyrinths) ni Charles Hampden-Turner p. 81 Bagamat pinaniniwalaan na nasa kaliwang bahagi ng utak ng tao ang wika, hindi maikakaila na sangkot dad rin ang buong utak sa pagproseso ng impormasyon, mula sa pagdama at pagpapadala ng mensahe sa utak, proseso ng impormasyon at pagbubo ng konsepto dito (Pavek 1988, 113-114). Ang Paghahati sa Utak ng Tao Ang pinapalagay na paghahati sa utak ng tao at ang gampanin ng bawat panig batay sa aklat na Maps of the Mind (Charts and Concepts of the Mind and Its Labyrinths) ni Charles Hampden-Turner p. 87 Maaring sa simula, ang apoy ay isang mapang-akit na liwanag sa mga sinaunang tao. At sa kanilang paglapit ay may kakaiba silang naramdaman hatid ng pagbabago ng temperatura. At para sa reptillian cerebrum: apoy=liwanag=init. Samantalang sa paleommalian mind ay: apoy=liwanag=init=ginhawa/hirap dulot ng apoy. At nang malinang nang husto ang neommalian cerebrum ay apoy=liwanag=init=ginhawa/hirap dulot ng apoy=manipulasyon o kontrol ng apoy. Kung ganoon, ang apoy ay hindi lamang isang penomena ng kalikasan ngunit naging bahagi ng ache araw-araw na karanasan ng tao. At ang salitang ‘apoy’ ay hindi lamang sagisag ng sumasagisag at sinasagisag (implied at signifier) ngunit bumabalot sa apoy ang isanlibo’t isang konsepto hatid ng indibidwal, etniko at pambansang karanasan. Gaya ng mga sumusunod na salita at parirala na kaugnay ng apoy (bilang penomena ng pagliliyab ng mga kemikal o elemento na makikita sa liwanag, dingas at init): Dinilaan ng apoy-nasimulang magliyab Naglaro ng apoy-pakikiapid o pangangalunya Apoy ng impyerno-kaparusahan Apoy sa dibdib-galit Inaapoy ng lagnat-mataas na lagnat Pinanday sa apoy-humusay Inaapuyan-sulsol Maging ang kasabihang â€Å"Ang kahoy na babad man sa tubig, pag nadarang sa apoy, pilit magririkit.† Na nangangahulugang ang taong kahit anong snare o timpi ay nahuhulog noise kapag sa tukso naipit. Napakahalaga ng papel ng wika upang maglarawan ito ng naging karanasan ng tao sa kanyang pagiging nilalang. Ipinakikita lamang nito ang show ng kanyang pakikihamok sa iba’t ibang pwersang bayolohikal, pisikal at etikal. Kung susumahin, ang kasaysayan ng pag-unlad ng tao ay hindi maiaalis sa pagbakas sa pag-unlad ng kanyang utak at wika. †¦ (ang wika) ay tanging bahagi ng kabuuang bayolohikal ng ating utak. Masalimuot at espesyalisadong kasanayan ang wika na nalilinang nang ganoon†¦ dahil dito, ilang subjective analyst ang naglarawan sa wika bilang isang sikolohikal na sangkap, isang mental na organ, isang sistemang neural, at isang kagamitan sa pagsusuma (Pinker 1994: 18). Patunay lamang na ginagamit ng tao ang wika sa pagtuos nya sa mga penomena na nangyayari sa kanyang paligid. Patunay rin na kinatawan ng wika ang karanasan ng utak at katawan ng sangkatauhan. Karanasan at Wika: Indibidwal, Etniko at Pambansang Paglalarawan Tinalakay ni John Searle, 1995 (Kay Gripaldo, 2000) ang dalawang uri ng karanasan: ang unang panauhan at ang ikatlong panauhan. Sa una, ang karanasang ontolohikal, ang kasangkot ay sumailalim o sumasailalim. Sya ang tagaganap o biktima ng karanasan. Sa ikatlong panauhang karanasang ontolohikal, pinapalitan ng indibidwal ang pananaw ng nagmamasid. Sa una, mapapansin ang laging gamit ng ‘ako’/‘ko’ (indibidwal) o ‘tayo’/‘natin’ (pampangkatan) ng nagmamasid sa paglalahad ng karanasan. Ito ay tinatawag na karanasang penomenolohikal. Sa ikatlo, ang ‘sya/nya’ o ‘sila’/‘nila’ ay madalas na gamitin. Ito ang tinatawag na karanasang empirikal. Mas mabigat ang ‘ako’/’ko’ kesa sa ‘tayo’/’natin’ dahil posibleng hindi nararanasan ng lahat ang nararanasan ng naglalahad. Gayundin ang ikatlong ontolohikal na karanasan ay higit na kapani-paniwala kesa sa pampangkatang unang panauhang ontolohikal na karanasan. At ang ikatlong karanasan ay ang ikalawang panauhang karanasan. Madalas marinig dito ang ‘ikaw’ at ‘mo.’ Ang mga uri ng ontolohikal na karanasang ito ay pester uugnay-ugnay, nagkakawing-kawing at nagsasalimbayang penomena upang maglantad ng karanasan ng indibidwal, ng isang pangkat-etniko tungo sa pambansang karanasan. Ang pahayag ng isang indibidwal na â€Å"Masakit ang tyan ko!† na bagamat eksklusibo lamang sa nagsasalita ang karanasan, hindi maaring hindi magawang makaugnay ng sinumang nakaririnig dahil marahil isa itong unibersal na karanasan. Gayundin ang â€Å"Tag-ulan na, kawawa na naman ang Pampanga sa lahar!† na bagamat sa Gitnang Luzon lamang ito nagaganap, nagagawa dad rin ng mga tagapagsalita na makaugnay dahil na sa naging bahagi na ng bokabularyong Filipino ang salitang ‘lahar’. Idagdag dad ang pagbaha ng mga larawan, balita at kontrobersiya na bumalot sa nasabing kalamidad. Ang pahayag na †Nawiwili sya sa telenobela† na bagamat isang empirikal ay masasabing mahirap na itakwil na reyalidad na pambansang karanasan. Walang pribadong wika o ang wika ay publiko (Wittgenstein, 1921) at walang karanasang eksklusibo lamang sa indibidwal. Kung kayat ang bawat karanasan ay nagtutulak sa tao na humanap ng salitang ipanlalapat dito. Kasing kahulugan ito na ang salitang ipinanlalapat ng tao sa isang penomena o karanasan ay nagaganap o nararanasan ng lahat na nabibilang sa isang pangkat o bansa. Posibleng ibuod ngayon na ang karanasan ng isa ay hindi pwedeng hindi kabahagi ng kamalayan ng isang grupo ng tao o bansa. Tama lamang pala si Chomsky nang sabihin nya na ang wika ay karanasan lamang. Ngunit ang bawat salita ay hindi lamang salita. Ang wika ay bunsod ng mahabang ebolusyong pakikipagsapalaran ng tao. Ang pagkakabuo ng salita ay bunga ng simbolikong konsepto ay kailangang lagyan ng simbolikong tinig (Saussure 1959). Sa pagkakalapat ng tao ng salita sa konsepto, nasasaisip nya ang pilosopikal na katangian, tungkulin at naging tuwirang karanasan nya dito. Kaya sa tuwing gagamitin nya ang salitang ito upang kumatawan sa mental na representasyon ginagamit nya ang karanasan ng isang organisadong grupo ng tao na namumuhay tulad nya na may ganoon ding karanasan. May kakayahahan ang taong kumalap ng karunungan at gamitin ito sa bawat pakikipag-ugnayang panlipunan (Joseph 2004: 3). Sa ganitong konteksto, mahihiwatigan natin na napakahalaga ng wika upang pagbuklurin ang mga mamamayan at napagbubuklod ng wika ang mga mamamayan dahil ang wikang kanilang ginagamit ay kumakatawan sa kanilang magkakatulad na paraan ng pamumuhay, paniniwala, gawain o hanapbuhay, saloobin mas angkop sabihin na karanasan. Nakikilala ng indibidwal ang kanyang sarili sa pamamagitan ng kanyang pakikipag-ugnayan at pakikipamuhay sa iisang pamayanan. Nalalaman nya ang kaibahan at pagkakatulad nya sa kanyang mga kasama. Alam nya na sya’y matanda na kung bata ang kanyang nakakausap, alam nya kung babae sya kapag nakakausap sya ng lalake, alam nyang mangingisda sya kung nakakausap nya ang kapwa mangingisda, alam nyang kabilang sya sa isang grupo ng mga tao kung nakakausap nya ang iba ache grupo ng mga tao. Ito rin ang paniniwala sa aklat na †The Language Instinct ( How The Mind Creates Language):† Ang komon na wika ay pester uugnay sa mga kasapi ng isang pamayanan sa isang ugnayang pagbabahaginan ng impormasyon na may nakamamanghang kolektibong kapangyarihan. Sinuman ay maaring makina

The Development of Volunteer Tourism and Inter

Presentation Volunteer the travel industry is called voluntourism or worldwide chipping in. This can be characterized as the travel industry whereby visitors deliberately sort out themselves and utilize their days off in visiting places with positive reasons or objectives.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Development of Volunteer Tourism and Inter-Cultural Exchanges explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The targets may remember helping the poor gatherings for the general public, bringing dirtied conditions into reclamation or doing examination of special condition or social orders the world over (Singh, 2012). For example, the sorted out visitors may begin extends that may assist social orders with preserving and ration their condition or even instruct them on network government assistance. Genuine instances of volunteer visitor incorporate the Non Governmental associations, Agencies for preservation, the sending organizations, strict association s, governments, among numerous others (Wearing, 2001). The Development of Volunteer Tourism According to the Tourism Research and promoting (TRAM), volunteer the travel industry began a couple of years prior and has become a worldwide wonder with expectations of extension or development sooner rather than later (Mintel, 2008; Benson, 2011). The development of volunteer the travel industry item in the commercial center is because of other rising associations offering similar administrations, however by implication burrowing from the pockets of the individuals in the social orders. An examination to comprehend volunteer the travel industry was led to characterize the term volunteer the travel industry (Carlsen Charters, 2007). Grounded hypothesis was created whereby the voluntourists were grilled with the assistance of the surveys. The survey was made in a structure that urged individuals to finish it. The inquiries were easy to reply and not ambiguous.Advertising Looking for expositi on on interchanges media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, the inquiries posed of the volunteers were on what they would do on the undertaking; how they would invest their free energy; what they comprehended by the term worldwide chipping in and the reasons that caused them to take an interest in that occasion (Goulding, 2002). The information gathered in the polls were surveyed, coded, differentiated, and investigation was made. This was done so as to permit classes of topics identified with volunteer the travel industry to rise. A center class of commitment developed joined by its ideas and their properties. The instances of the ideas included cooperation, coordination, collaboration, drenching, contribution among others. There are those individuals who reacted that they were prepared to help laborers in the children’s home and take care of the children’s needs. They likewise occupied with helping t he task to achieve its set objectives. They demonstrated that the travel industry included movement commitment to assist worthy missions (Brink, 2007). Another idea of volunteer the travel industry is humanitarian effort. Its ideas are decision, extend, installment, time and reason. With respect to the idea of decision, voluntourists reserved an option to settle on their own decision when it came to picking ventures, zone inclinations, suppliers for voluntourism and numerous others (Riecken, 1952). The range idea gave a scope of tasks. These incorporate compassionate tasks that necessary the voluntourists to have the information to improve peoples’ life through wellbeing, training, and development; ventures for preservation that included the assurance of creatures, plants, lands, and the structures and controlling fiascos (Benson, 2011). The voluntourists were to pay some measure of cash to provide food for them in the volunteer the travel industry (idea of installment). Time , additionally an idea of charitable effort, was for demonstrating the length the work should take.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Development of Volunteer Tourism and Inter-Cultural Exchanges explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason idea was utilized to guarantee that the humanitarian effort served the venture, the supplier and the voluntourist (Rieckon, 1952). An idea of vacationer, likewise one of the classes of volunteer the travel industry, was advanced to persuade individuals to become voluntourists. This class included sub-ideas and properties that are innumerable. It showed practically all the goals or reasons that made individuals voluntourists. The models incorporate investigating, to learn, to meet new individuals and make new companions, social trade, to see another culture, to spread individual convictions, social drenching, to get away, to see another piece of the world and a lot of different reasons. Some could give posi tive reasons. For example, needing to be of administration to other people, improve other peoples’ lives, give back, help, spread abilities and numerous intentional reasons (Smith, Robertson Macleod, 2009). Between Cultural Exchanges Every general public has its own way of life. Obtained in youth, culture controls the lives of numerous people. People consider their to be as the ideal one, and it is a direct result of that solid conviction that the way of life empowers them to pick among adequate and unsatisfactory conduct. Characterizing society isn't simple as it continues evolving (Jandt, 2010). Numerous social orders are heterogeneous. For this situation, it is difficult to tell whether a certain society’s culture is predominant or not. A between social trade includes sharing of various peoples’ life by replicating practices from each other. Customarily, people group in social orders confined their kin from receiving various societies from the outside social orders (O’Dowd, 2007; Kohls Knight, 1996).Advertising Searching for article on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In the nations that were further developed, the visitors saw the residents of the creating nations as crude and even connected them with creatures. Consequently, the residents in the creating nations reprimanded societies of the created nations (Hallett Kaplan-Weinger, 2010). For example, they saw their method of dressing as unclean and not recommendable. I concur with the individuals who restrict between social trade, yet caution them that there is a lot of useful for social orders who share a portion of their convictions (culture). To be sure, the advantages of this are uncountable. People, people group, social orders, and countries everywhere are of no exemption with regards to profiting by between social trades (Jack Phipps, 2005). There are different components that influence the idea of between social trades in the volunteer the travel industry. They incorporate the characters of culture, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation job, social class, age, job and individual character. The social character alludes to the standards and practices that individuals embrace in their networks or social orders (Gudykunst, 2003; Landis, Bennett, 2004). It additionally incorporates how they vary from those of others raised in various social orders. The racial personality influences individuals of various races in the working environment who originate from various societies. Ethnicity, another factor influences the cooperation of two individuals from various ethnic gatherings in the working environment (Gudykunst, 2005). Social orders see the jobs of people from alternate points of view. This is frequently alluded to as the sex job personality factor. The other factor is that of social class character. The level that individual has in the general public decides how they will connect with others in the work environment. The individual character factor decides how an individual speaks with others from various societies relying upon their own character and where they rank them selves (Ting-Toomey, 1999). Age was utilized in deciding the connection between the different age groups. In the US, the way of life permits individual to think less about the old matured. For this situation, the elders’ guidance if regularly disregarded. In any case, in nations like China, Cambodia, and Thailand, individuals give incredible consideration to the exhortation of their seniors and consider with regards to choosing significant issues (Singleton Ryan, 2004). Volunteer Tourism and Intercultural Exchange I concur that volunteer the travel industry likewise called voluntourism or worldwide the travel industry advances intercultural trade that legitimize destitution and strengthens the travel industry as neo-imperialism (Wakounig, 2012). A lot of inquires about directed have upheld this contention. A model is the foundation of American Field Service (AFC) in 1914. Initially, the association had a place with a corps of regular citizen volunteers who used to drive ambul ances to combat zones, during the first and second universal wars. In the late 1940s, the American Field Service began to make a solid effort to guarantee the advancement of tranquil conjunction. This advancement focused on secondary schools and volunteerism. Understudies are instructed about the significance of social trade by their educators (Lengel, 2004; Ickstadt, 1997). The association is presently perhaps the biggest association on the planet with branches in 52 nations and another 30 nations with the program action. Hong Kong and China are two genuine instances of the nations where the program has been set up are. In Hong Kong, the secondary school understudies embrace the course, some for the time being and others year-long. In creating responsibility to the way of thinking of volunteerism, understudies and the American Field administration volunteers partake in the network administration exercises (Kenny, 2002). AFS in China began in 1983 subsequent to framing an organizati on with China Association for International Educational Exchange (CAIEE). Numerous Chinese instructors have been set in schools inside various nations to educate about social trade with their universal partners. A social trade program was propelled in China in the year 1997. Understudies from the creating natio

Financial Accounting Financial Framework Assistant

Question: Portray about the Financial Accounting for Financial Framework Assistant. Answer: 1. The Framework for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements helps the preparer in applying the Accounting Standards on arrangement of fiscal summary. The Para 5, expresses that the distinctive component of the budget summary is characterized in the Framework. It likewise manages the estimation and acknowledgment of different things of fiscal summary (Macve 2015). In the given case the medications of different things in the fiscal report of Queenslander Ltd is talked about dependent on the AASB applied Framework. a) The Para 60, of the Framework expresses that the current commitment is a significant quality of obligation. The commitment is characterized as an obligation or risk that is enforceable by law. The Para 61, of the Framework expresses that it is required to make a differentiation between the commitment and responsibility. In the Para 91 of the Framework it is given that the risk ought to be perceived when it is sure that the outpouring of monetary assets will be fundamental in settling the current commitment (Henderson et al. 2015). In this manner, duty ought not be perceived as risk as there is no current commitment. In the given case, Queenslander ltd has given assurance to bank credit for the benefit of a representative and it is normal that the worker will make default in installment of advance. As the worker has not yet defaulted in making installment in this way, it is as yet a dedication and no current commitment has emerged. Hence, it very well may be reasoned that it isn't required to be perceived in the budget summary of the Queenslanders Ltd. Anyway inside the significance of unforeseen risk as gave in Para 10 of the AASB 137 the conceivable commitment ought to be revealed in the fiscal summary as note as gave in the Para 86 of a similar norm. b) In the Para 53 of the Framework it is expressed that an advantages gives future financial advantage that streams to the undertaking. In Para 59 of the Framework it is expressed that there is a cozy connection between producing resources and acquiring yet they don't for the most part fortuitous events. Consequently, without use a thing ought to be perceived as an advantage on the off chance that it satisfies the meaning of the benefits. In the Para 89 of the Framework it is expressed that on the off chance that it is plausible that the future financial advantage will stream to the eEnterprise then it ought to be perceived as resources (Weil et al. 2013). In the given case Queenslanders has gotten an endowment of 500 offers from the client and as the offers can be sold at advertise cost, so financial advantage is plausible to the endeavor. In this manner, it very well may be inferred that offers ought to be perceived as resources in the fiscal report at the present market cost. c) The Para 99 of the Framework expresses that the way toward deciding the money related sum for the things to be perceived in the fiscal report is known as estimation. The Para 100 of the Framework gives the premise on which the things of budget reports are estimated and this are Historical costs, current cost, feasible worth and the current worth. Consequently, it suggests that if a thing can't be estimated in any of the premise expressed in Para 100 then the thing can't be perceived in the budget report (Zhang and Andrew 2014). In the given case, the organization executives see that specific view draws in clients is a non-monetary thing and can't be perceived in the budgetary statement.2. The AASB 116 is appropriate for the bookkeeping of plant, supplies and property according to Para 2 of the norm. The Para 6, of the standard expresses that Property, Plant and Equipments incorporate all the unmistakable resources that are held by the substance for utilizing it for over one year. The acknowledgment models is given in Para 7 of the norm. On the off chance that a Property, Plant and Equipment is meets all requirements for recording as a benefit then the advantages ought to be determined at cost according to Para 15 of the norm. After the benefit is at first perceived then according to Para, 29 of the standard the substance can follow the cost model or revaluation model as the bookkeeping arrangement (Rahman 2013). In the Para 31 of the standard it is expressed that on the off chance that dependably the reasonable estimation of the benefit is quantifiable, at that point after acknowledgment an advantage can be conveyed at sum that is revalued. The sum with which the advantages is to be conveyed is determined in the wake of diminishing the amassed deterioration structure the revalued measure of the benefit (Brown et al. 2014). It is given in the Para 50 of the standard that the depreciable measure of the advantage is to be dispersed over the helpful existence of the benefits on an efficient premise. It is unmistakably given in Para 52 of the AASB 116 that devaluation ought to be given despite the fact that the reasonable worth is more than the sum with which the benefit is conveyed. A similar Para likewise expresses that on the off chance that the conveying measure of the advantages is not exactly the remaining, at that point there is no necessity to perceive deterioration. In the given case Many ltd has chosen to embrace the revaluation model for estimating its apparatus. It was discovered the during the present time frame the estimation of the apparatus has expanded so it was contended by the chiefs not to give devaluation on hardware. Based on the above examination of AASB 116 it tends to be reasoned that according to Para 52 of the standard the organization is required to perceive devaluation. In this way, the board ought not embrace the executives guidance of not perceiving deterioration. 3. The Para 8, of the AASB 138 states that advantages are assets that are possessed and overseen by the substance and from this, all things considered, the element will infer advantages of financial nature in future. The recognizable non-money related resource that doesn't have physical substance is known as Intangible Assets. In Para 9 of the standard it is given that couple of the normal instances of immaterial resources are PC programming, duplicate rights, licenses, client records, establishment and so forth. The Para 10 of the standard gives that if any of the things doesn't fit into the meaning of impalpable resources then the costs brought about for creating it inside or obtaining from outside ought to be perceived as a costs (Wang 2014). The costs ought to be perceived when it is brought about. It is given in Para 11 of the standard the elusive resource ought to be recognizable and particular from the generosity. In Para 16 of the AASB 138 it is given that a substance can ass emble by its endeavors the arrangement of clients or piece of the pie. On the off chance that there is no lawful rights, at that point the substance isn't in charge of the normal future monetary profit by the relationship with the client in this manner the meaning of the elusive resources isn't fulfilled. In the given case, Sharks Ltd acquired costs in creating mailing list for the client. The organization additionally gained a mailing list structure its rival. Further, the organization has additionally promoted the advertising cost as noncurrent resources. From the examination of the AASB 138 it very well may be proposed that according to Para 16 as the organization doesn't have any command over the future financial advantage (Chua et al. 2012). Thusly the organization ought not perceive the costs as impalpable resources and ought to be perceived as costs in the year it is acquired according to Para 10 of the AASB 138. The organization ought to perceive the promoting costs and the present benefit of the organization ought to be $10 million. 4. The Para 10 of the AASB 137 gives the meaning of unexpected risk. Unexpected risk is characterized as plausible commitments that emerge from the past occasion and will be set up by the event and non-event of future unsure occasions (Horngren et al. 2012). The current commitments is likewise remembered for the meaning of unforeseen risk however isn't perceived, as the consistent progression of assets won't be important to pay the current commitment or the sum that is required to settle the commitment isn't had the option to be assessed dependably. According to Para 27 of the standard an unforeseen ought not be perceived however an exposure is important to be given in the budget summary (Parker 2013). In the given case at the hour of issue of budget report, it was not plausible that the Bird Ltd would lose the case and financial assets will be important to settle the commitment. Subsequently, in light of the examination of AASB137 it very well may be inferred that, as the legitimate harm isn't likely as on 30 June 2017 so the organization isn't required to remember it as risk however is important to be treated as unforeseen obligation and a divulgence is required in the budget summary. The Para 10 of the AASB 137 states that risk is a current commitment that emerge from occasions of the past and it is conceivable that the assets exemplifying financial advantage will be important to settle the commitment (Horngren et al. 2012). The arrangement is perceived for risk of unsure planning. In the given case following fourteen days of distributing the fiscal report, the legal counselor of the organization finds that it is plausible that the organization will lose the legitimate case and the outpouring of assets will be required to settle the commitment. There is no current commitment it is just a likelihood that the organization will lose the case. Consequently, it tends to be presumed that it's anything but an obligation however an unforeseen risk. Reference Earthy colored, P., Preiato, J. what's more, Tarca, A., 2014. Estimating nation contrasts in authorization of bookkeeping gauges: A review and requirement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Chua, Y.L., Cheong, C.S. what's more, Gould, G., 2012. The effect of compulsory IFRS selection on bookkeeping quality: Evidence from Australia.Journal of International Accounting Research,11(1), pp.119-146. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. what's more, Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in money related bookkeeping. Pearson Higher Education AU. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. what's more, Howieson,

Marketing Research Essay

End The reason for this exploration is to recognize whether Dilmah should proceed with the present crusade or change the battle. The outcome from the auxiliary research and essential qantative research show the all out dark tea deals has extraordinary expanded about 13% from 2008 †2009 which is a phenomenal outcome on the planet financial downturn timeframe. Dilmah has piece of the overall industry of 29% which is the most noteworthy portion of one brand. Dilmah target client is conventional family and age is from center to develop gathering. The Larry report says their clients are satisiftied with the freshest and best tea quality and customers concurred Dilmah has accomplished the objective of tea quality. The fundamental tea advertise are in Auckland 51% in 2009, Wellington and Canterburry. From essential research discoveries, female has higher buying tea rate than male and the age bunch is 36 and then some. Individuals who are employeed as pay worker under 20 hours is review seeing the TV promoting. Dilmah doesn’t have the highest point of psyche brand mindfulness for the age bunch 36-45 yet it is for the most part perceived by the age bunch 26-35. Dilmah issues Ringer is a solid competitetor of Dilmah in dark tea advertise as they have a nearby piece of the overall industry rates over years from 2005 to 2009. Ringer is more reconigized at the age gathering of 35 †46 by 94% (193) however the age gathering of 18 †25 and 46 over still have 67% and 61% top of psyche brand mindfulness for Bell. The 58% old enough gathering 26 †35 has top of psyche brand mindfulness for Dilmah and the 33% old enough gathering 18 †25 has top of brain brand mindfulness for Dilmah. 59% of male and 64% female all reconigized Bell however 39% male and 13% female know Dilmah as top of brain brandawareness. 6% of less 20 hrs knows Bell however 15% knows Dilmah. 61% of non employeed knows Dilmah†¦but which they probably won't be the fundamental gathering who buy tea regularly in the family. 32% of 35 †46 who bought tea Be to bistro most recent a month: Female bought tea more $704,000 and is around multiple times than male $188,000 at deals. Top principle 3 gathering buy tea 40 †44, 45 †49 and 70 and over RM: Who purchased tea most recent 4 months: * 2 fundamental group:64% of conventional family (center to develop age with stable pay and family situated and customary worth) and 41% obvious achievers and they have very much like family esteems Who bought tea most recent 3 months * 36 †45 and 46 and over for ringer (29% of questioners bought Bell Tea) * 26 †35 and 36 †45 for Dilmah (30% of questioner bought Dilmah) * 25% bought Twinings The market pattern to drink dark has begun from 2007 in light of the fact that the dark tea deal. The all out dark offer of 2005 to 2009 has expanded consistently which introduced the fruitful of the media and exposure from the optional information discoveries. The outcome shows that those three significant brands Dilmah, Bell and Twinings are put into the best types of media at the previous three to four years. Dilmah media consumption has consistently been the most noteworthy in TV publicizing from 2005 †2008 ( 67% to 91% of Dilmah all out use of media) aside from 2009 contrasting with the significant three tea brands. Chime, the subsequent tea brand went through the most measure of cash in TV promotion at 2009 which indicated the consequence of the absolute tea deal was the just one brand has had expands deals from 2008 to 2009 around scarcely any rates. Dilmah diminished the spending for TV ad about 23% which has somewhat decreased the tea deals about little rate however Dilmah is still No. 1 of dark tea showcase. Accordingly, Dilmah has been continually concentrating on the correct media structure for promoting their item and has been fruitful on the consequence of deals and piece of the overall industry. By the by, Dilmah still comes up short on the brand mindfulness as it appears in the essential/qanatative research discoveries that Dilmah didn't strike a chord brand awareness† and Bell was the main tea brand rings a bell. 62% of questioners picked Bell and just 22% of questioners picked Dilmah which makes Dilmah comes next. This obviously shows Dilmah has critical issue about the brand mindfulness which has consistently been an issue of them attempting to accomplish it. From the examination discoveries, the fundamental gathering which has been bought tea for most recent four months are The all out dark tea advertise deals from 2008 †2009 has colossal development about 13%. The absolute The reason for this exploration is to distinguish whether Dilmah should proceed with the present battle or adjust the crusade. The outcome from the auxiliary research and essential qantative research are demonstrating the best types of media and exposure is TV promoting which the battle is concentrating on. The previous barely any years that Dilmah has been center around TV promoting and the outcome shows the deals of Dilmah dark tea has been expanded consistently. It demonstrated TV promoting has accomplished the consequence of expanding the deals of tea. The examination has explored the 5 destinations which are key patterns in the tea showcase, key client sections and a profile of each, levels of brand mindfulness and measure perspectives towards teas as a beverage. The discoveries show Dilmah should proceed with the present battle for what it's worth. Key pattern in the tea showcase (advertise size, piece of the overall industry and price†¦etc) Key client portion and a profile of each Brand Awareness The best type of media and exposure Demeanor toward to tea as a beverage Recommendation Id inquire about issues/to comprehend/to examine/to investigate The essential research has contained five goals are key pattern in the tea showcase, key client sections, the best types of media and exposure and the estimation mentality towards tea as a beverage. Tragically, it has had 800 study however female is practically twofold of male. This may on the grounds that the review precision as the auxiliary research discoveries shows female has a lot higher level of buying the tea which may influence the study. Alongside, there is one increasingly significant finding that from center to develop age bunches are additionally the primary gatherings of tea buying. The study additionally has higher rate individuals at the age gathering of 36 †45 and 45 and over. In the essential research, it has secured very well at the brand mindfulness question however there are insufficient data which required to help the crusade should continue onward or change at the targets of adequacy of media, disposition to purchase/drink tea and profile of client portion. The key client section by business ought to be all day specialist, low maintenance laborer or non-utilized. It will be acceptable to realize who does shopping for food of the family unit. Full time housewife with out employment or Housewife with low maintenance work, low maintenance understudy or full time understudy The mentality toward to tea as drink will be a great idea to have the topic of what sort of tea is the most loved to drink? Answer to be dark, home grown and green tea which can assist with knowing the present pattern of drink tea. * Main reasons of buying the tea What kind bundling is the most loved and so forth paper pack, tin, glass container †¦etc†¦ * What sort of promoting rings a bell when you think about tea publicizing? * What might you hope to see from tea promoting? Tea history, design pattern, tea taste†¦etc * Attitude to purchase/drinking tea? (change to noteworthy explanation †to recognize * Effectiveness of publicizing * Profile of secti ons †conduct (drinking tea) The auxiliary and essential explores have a quantities of good data and information to help the proceeded with battle of TV ad as the best type of media. Be that as it may, it despite everything do not have the significant data and information key client section, mentality toward to tea as drink and the kind of tea publicizing to help the battle. The key client section will show which gathering is principle buyers buy tea for the family and when and where will the best time to have battle on agreeing the existence buyers. The extraordinary data of disposition toward tea as drink can change the battle to the promoting that customers would hope to see and furthermore show who fundamental buyers are. The sort of media structure will urge buyers to buy Dilmah tea brand. Now and again, it is difficult to urge shoppers to change the brand they have tanked for long time as tea is a family arranged beverage. Drinking tea can be the family propensity which overwhelmed by the fundamental individual who is looking for the family. Thus, it is basic to have the center gathering subjective research to The examination requires 8 †12 individuals and homogeneous as far as demorgraphic and financial qualities. Obviously, those individuals need to have the propensity for drinking tea. The last thing is has not taken an interest in many center gatherings. The reseach will likewise require a loosen up condition and it will takes around 1. 5 †2 hours. The examination will be recorded all relvant data including outward appearance and non-verbal communication so the recorder should be in the focal front of the room behind the mediator. The mediator will scrutinize the gathering and lead the conversation to the best possible approach to support the gathering not be reluctant to communicate own thoughts and sentiments. A decent qualified mediator will be disconnected yet kind and Last articulation Identify the requirement for qual inquire about †¦ (subject) To clarify yes we have some great data yet at the same time do not have some significant information†¦ for help †to give increasingly about how to present to public†¦ to prescribe what should require as indicated by behaviour†¦ or age group†¦ Just comes one proclamation that is noteworthy to finish by the examination (your task)†¦ Going to Appendix Good morning/evening Thank you for setting aside the effort to meet with us. We will respect your time by ensuring that we envelop with the following an hour and a half. Does anybody mind in the event that we copy this for our records? The tape will be just use for the contextual analysis of the

How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels

How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels Stress Management Job Stress Print How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 10, 2020 Kraig Scarbinsky/Photodisc/Getty Images More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Many people don’t take vacations often enough. In fact, according to a poll on this site, around half of those responding dont take annual vacations; in fact, many never take them! And now with increasing frequency, when we do take vacations, we often bring work along with us, keeping ourselves essentially still in the work mindset we’re trying to escape. This is unfortunate for several reasons. Promote Creativity A good vacation can help us to reconnect with ourselves, operating as a vehicle for self-discovery and helping us get back to feeling our best. Stave off Burnout Workers who take regular time to relax are less likely to experience burnout, making them more creative and productive than their overworked, under-rested counterparts. Can Keep You Healthy Taking regular time off to ‘recharge your batteries’, thereby keeping stress levels lower, can keep you healthier. Promote Overall Wellbeing One study found that three days after vacation, subjects physical complaints, their quality of sleep and mood had improved as compared to before vacation. These gains were still present five weeks later, especially in those who had the more personal time and overall satisfaction during their vacations. Can Strengthen Bonds Spending time enjoying life with loved ones can keep relationships strong, helping you enjoy the good times more and helping you through the stress of the hard times. In fact, a study by the Arizona Department of Health and Human Services found that women who took vacations were more satisfied with their marriages. Can Help With Your Job Performance As the authors of the above study suggest, the psychological benefits that come with more frequent vacations lead to increased quality of life, and that can lead to increased quality of work on the job. Vacations Relieve Stress in Lasting Ways It should come as no surprise that vacations that include plenty of free time bring stress relief, but research shows that a good vacation can lead to the experience of fewer stressful days at least five weeks later! That means that vacations are the gift to yourself that keeps on giving. The bottom line is that taking a good amount of time away from the stresses of daily life can give us the break we need so that we can return to our lives refreshed and better equipped to handle whatever comes. While not everyone is able to take a vacation, for those who can take several days or a few weeks off for a trip, even a short respite can be restorative. One study showed that a four-day long weekend vacation had positive effects on well-being, recovery, strain, and perceived stress for as long as 45 days. While the reduction in strain was greater for those who spent the vacation away from home, the other effects were similar for those who stayed home. For those who don’t have the time or money to take a ‘formal’ vacation, you can look into cheap vacations and creative ideas on how to get a nice break for less. And dont forget the option of taking a stay-cation or play-cation, too. How to Take a Break From Work (and Why You Need It)

Using the World Wide Web - Free Essay Example

USING THE WORLD WIDE WEB Introduction The internet has pervaded every aspect of life, and nowadays it is hard to picture our society without it. The technological advancements that have been made since the invention of the World Wide Web have surpassed the progress made in the last two centuries. Today, the web has come to serve countless purposes. There are so many things that revolve around the internet, like staying in touch with friends, entertaining, and doing research. The World Wide Web has revolutionized how we live and will continue to dominate our lives in the future. History of the World Wide Web Birth of the Internet. In 1989, the World Wide Web started as a project of the CERN, or the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The project was entitled â€Å"Enquire.† The project was intended to address the needs of universities and other institutions in the sharing of information. The first website developed by CERN described how to access other individuals’ documents and how to create a server. Because CERN is a physics-based organization, this application was first utilized by the physics community. Tim Berners-Lee. Tim Berners-Lee, a British physicist at CERN, proposed the Enquire program that eventually developed into the World Wide Web. He came from a family of scientists with a great k nowledge about computers and grew up fascinated by technology. Berners-Lee’s goal for this project was to create a network that could be accessed worldwide. He once saidAll the bits of information in every computer at CERN, and on the planet, would be available to me and to anyone else. There would be a single, global information space.† By late 1990, Berners-Lee had created a draft of the first web page. AOL Instant Messaging. Also in 1989, in the United States, AOL, or America Online, developed the first instant messaging system. The United States was using Berners-Lee’s technology to facilitate this project. This sparked the use of the World Wide Web in offices and homes around the country. It became increasingly more accessible to the world through these applications. Uses of the World Wide Web Telemedicine. In recent years, the Web has begun to serve a purpose in healthcare, both domestically and globally. The American Telemedicine Association descr ibes telemedicine as â€Å"the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a patient’s clinical health status.† It makes healthcare more easily accessible to patients even in remote areas in our own country and throughout the world by providing medical advice and care online. Through telemedicine, clinical care is provided via technology. In rural areas of the world where healthcare is not nearby, patients can be diagnosed and in some cases treated by a doctor on the other side of the world. It is just one of the many purposes of the Web. Social Media. One of the most recent uses of the Web is social media. This popular application of technology is utilized by businesses and individuals alike. These are the most popular social media platforms: Facebook Twitter Polyvore Etsy Businesses use social media for marketing purposes because it is a more immediate way for them to connect with their customers. Consumers can hear about the latest products from companies, and more easily purchase them. On the other hand, individuals can use social media to share their own personal media and thoughts. Education. Education is another major purpose that the World Wide Web serves. In recent years, online schools have popped up to give more people the opportunity to complete their education. The Web has made education more accessible than ever. Interactive learning, which allows for students to learn outside of a classroom setting, is becoming more popular. Students are now able to take classes without the teacher being near due to the World Wide Web. The Future of the World Wide Web The Deep Web. One of the growing threats to the World Wide Web is the Deep Web. The Deep Web is a matrix of encrypted websites that are not recognized by search engines, and thus are hidden from the public eye. The Deep Web serves as a hideout for criminal activity websites. Some of the more popular websites on the Deep Web are: The Silk Road 4chan Freedom Hosting The purchase of drugs and hitmen can be made through the Deep Web and the police are unable to crack down on most transactions. However, some black market websites have recently been busted, and there is a constant fight to stop the Deep Web. Net neutrality. Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, has promoted net neutrality, which is simply the free use of the Web. Major corporations like Verizon want to charge customers for preferential access and faster speed for downloading from and uploading to the Web. Berners-Lee argues that the Web needs to remain accessible, and said that â€Å"It’s important for the open markets, for the economy and for democracy.† Currently, this issue is being extensively debated in Congress. Privacy. Through tracking software and cookies, companies are able to track individuals’ computer usage and location. Companies use this information to market specific products and services to individuals. This has recently b ecome an issue because many people believe it is an invasion of privacy. The government, particularly the NSA, or National Security Agency, has monitored personal use of the World Wide Web for potential threats and criminal activity. WikiLeaks founder and activist Julian Assange criticized the governments for invading the privacy of citizens, and then later released classified information on the World Wide Web. Privacy on the World Wide Web will continue to be an issue as long as individuals rely more and more on the internet in their daily lives. Conclusion The World Wide Web is a revolutionary innovation that has made information more easily accessible. It has allowed for global connectivity, which was the intention when the founder Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The Web serves to entertain, educate, and make our lives more convenient. While some companies have attempted to charge for Web use, there is a huge fight to keep the internet free. The Web is a techno logical advancement that will continue to have a strong presence in the world for the foreseeable future. WORKS CITED Bilton, Nick. As the Web Turns 25, Its Creator Talks About Its Future. The New York Times, 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 15 May 2015. CERN Accelerating Science.The Birth of the Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. 8 Types of Social Media and How Each Can Benefit Your Business.Hootsuite. N.p., 12 Mar. 2015. Web. 15 May 2015. Global Telemedicine.Global Med. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. The Mind Behind the Web.Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. Reporter, Daily Mail. The Disturbing World of the Deep Web, Where Contract Killers and Drug Dealers Ply Their Trade on the Internet.Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 11 Oct. 2013. Web. 15 May 2015. What Is Telemedicine?American Telemedication Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. World Wide Web Timeline.Pew Research Centers Internet American Life Project RSS. N.p., 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 1 5 May 2015.

Miller Test Used for Defining Obscenity in U.S. Courts

The Miller test is the standard used by courts to define obscenity. It  comes from the 1973 Supreme Courts 5-4 ruling in Miller v. California,  in which Chief Justice Warren Burger, writing for the majority, held that obscene material is not protected by the First Amendment. What Is the First Amendment? The First Amendment is the one that guarantees Americans’ freedoms. We can worship in any faith we choose, whenever we choose. The government cannot restrict these practices. We have the right to petition the government and to assemble. But the First Amendment is most commonly known as our right to freedom of speech and expression. Americans can speak their minds without fear of reprisal. The First Amendment reads like this: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The 1973 Miller v. California Decision   Chief Justice Burger stated the Supreme Courts  definition of obscenity:  Ã‚   The basic guidelines for the trier of fact must be: (a) whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest ... (b) whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law, and (c) whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. If a state obscenity law is thus limited, First Amendment values are adequately protected by ultimate independent appellate review of constitutional claims when necessary. To put it in laymans terms, the following questions must be answered:   Is it pornography?Does it actually show sex?Is it otherwise useless? So What Does This Mean?   Courts have traditionally held that the  sale and distribution of obscene material are not protected by the First Amendment. In other words, you can speak your mind freely, including the distribution of printed materials, unless youre promoting or talking about something obscene based on the above standards. The guy standing next to you, an Average Joe, would be offended by what youve said or distributed. A sexual act is depicted or described. And your words and/or materials serve no other purpose but to promote this obscenity.   The Right to Privacy   The First Amendment applies only to disseminating pornography or obscene materials. It doesnt protect you if you share the materials or shout from the rooftop for all to hear. You can, however, quietly possess those materials for your own use and enjoyment because you also have a constitutional right to privacy.  Although no amendment specifically states this, several amendments pay lip service to the issue of privacy. The Third Amendment protects your home against unreasonable entry, the Fifth Amendment protects you against self-incrimination and the Ninth Amendment generally supports your right to privacy because it upholds the Bill of Rights. Even if a right is not specifically stated in the first eight amendments, it’s protected if it’s alluded to in the Bill of Rights.

Dinosaur - 727 Words

Dinosaur Dinosaurs: Extinct or Natural Causes As geologic time goes, all the dinosaurs living on earth suddenly disappeared. How did these dominated and gigantic creatures really die? Was it a slow extinction through natural causes, or did it happen suddenly? These questions give rise to many different beliefs on how the dinosaurs disappeared over sixty-five million years ago. Something happened sixty-five million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period that was so devastating that it altered the course of life on earth. Extinction is easily defined: the birth rate fails to keep up with the death rate. However, the definition does not answer the question about the nature or causes of extinction. Since so many†¦show more content†¦A massive eruption may have saturated the atmosphere with carbon dioxide so the that a sharp rise in temperature occurred worldwide. The excessive carbon dioxide would have permitted solar energy to enter the atmosphere but would have blocked the radiation of most surface heat back into space, causing the â€Å"greenhouse effect†. rising temperatures could have killed off or reduced the activity of plankton, disrupting food chains and also disrupting the plankton’s normal role in converting carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis. It would have taken long for dinosaurs to become extinct. Dinosaurs may have also killed themselves. It is possible that they consumed poison from plants. The emergence of flowering plants could have poisoned them. These plants contained alkaloids. Smaller animals with lesser appetites could have survived the doses, but perhaps the dinosaur could not. Most mammals are smart enough to avoid these poison ness plants because of the bitter taste. The dinosaurs, however, may have not had the sense or the liver. They could not taste the bitterness or detoxify the ingested substances. This theory is not scientifically significant because there is no way of telling if the dinosaurs could taste, or how their digestive system worked. What if it wasn’t the dinosaurs that caused their own extinction, but something greater? Species of animals that have survived for millions of years have to be well adapted to their environment or theyShow MoreRelatedDinosaurs : Dinosaurs And Dinosaurs958 Words   |  4 PagesThere were over 1,000 different species of dinosaurs (â€Å"Dinosaurs†) that lived and evolved for almost 185 million years (â€Å"Dinosaur Facts†). Dinosaurs were some of the largest and most mysterious creatures to walk the Earth. Dinosaurs have helped scientists to understand the Earth and it s past by studying different types, how they lived, their characteristics and what caused their mass extinction. When, where and how did dinosaurs live? 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Some were giant killing machines, like the Tyrannosaurus Rex.Some are even alive today, while many people do not even notice. There have been countless theories as to how the dinosaurs became extinct. The dinosaurs ruled the land for millions of years, and it seemsRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Dinosaur Extinction Of Dinosaurs867 Words   |  4 PagesBefore the time of humans, dinosaurs ruled the Earth. These creatures were the greatest predators until they stopped roaming the planet. Dinosaurs died 65 million years ago at the close of the Cretaceous period. Of course, we are not exactly sure what ended the reign of the dinosaur since humans were not around at the time. However, scientists came up with countless possible theories on how dinosaurs demised. A few of the crazier theories include alien abduction or dinosaurs never existed. CertainRead MoreThe Extinction of The Dinosaurs1262 Words   |  6 PagesExtinction of Dinosaurs Many different theories exist as to why the dinosaurs went extinct. We know for sure most dinosaurs died out around 65 million years ago. The majority of scientists agree on a number of theories as to what brought the end of the dinosaurs. The most popular theory is that an asteroid ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Another theory, massive climate change in the pre-historic atmosphere, caused all the dinosaurs to die. Some scientists believe that mammals out competed dinosaurs forRead MoreDinosaurs Are Awesome526 Words   |  2 PagesI still want to see how different earth was during that time so I could confirm and add to the overall knowledge about the dinosaurs. The Cretaceous time period was the last time period in which dinosaurs are seen. This time period spanned from 144 million years ago (mya) to 66 mya; right after the Jurassic time period and before the Tertiary. This is a time when dinosaurs were at their height with many thousands of different species known or yet to be identified. Our earliest ancestors were smallRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Dinosaur865 Words   |  4 PagesZhenyuanlong Suni was dinosaur that was officially announced on July 2015 when the official scientific report (written by the paleontologist who studied it) was published. The dinosaur was given it’s name after Zhenyuan Sun who took it’s fossils for a deep study upon being discovered by a local farmer. The fossils were taken to Jinzhou Paleontological Museum by Zhenyuan Sun for further examination. The specimen was further studied by paleontologists Stephen Brusatte of the University of EdinburghRead MoreEssay on Dinosaurs964 Words   |   4 Pages Just as most dinosaurs are believed to be wild and mean, most are. Unlike the wild and ferocious Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Velociraptor, is a smaller, agile dinosaur. The Brontosaurus can be found with the bigger, more gentle dinosaurs. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, and Brontosaurus differ greatly in their body structure, diet, and discovery. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a very large dinosaur. Measuring 50 feet long, the Tyrannosaurus stood over 20 feet tall. TheRead MoreThe Extinction Of Dinosaurs904 Words   |  4 Pages Cribbins 1 Hook. The extinction of dinosaurs is a mystery in itself that has stumped scientists all over the world for decades, and they still look for new answers every day. Scientists know some background information, but cannot connect the dots to see the bigger picture. There was little interest in the topic until Luis and Walter Alvarez proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis, which today we call the â€Å"Alvarez Hypothesis†. This new idea of the Alvarez’s was exciting, and therefore gotRead MoreThe Geologic Scale Of Dinosaurs1419 Words   |  6 Pagesfood, or the environment changes making it hard for some organisms to survive the new environment (Ghose). Dinosaurs started developing after a mass extinction of the Paleozoic Era just about 125 million years ago. Dinosaurs lived through the Mesozoic Era then later died off during another mass extinction about 65 million years ago, starting the beginning of the Cenozoic Era. Almost all dinosaurs and half of the other plants and animals went extinct, some scientist think that an asteroid hit the earth

Ida B. Wells, Booker T, Washington, and W.E.B Dubois

Beginning in the 1890’s Jim Crow laws or also known as the color-line was put into effect in the Southern states. These laws restricted the rights of blacks and segregation from the white population. These laws were put into effect as partially a result of the reaction of the whites to blacks not submitting to segregation of railroads, streetcars, and other public facilities. African Americans Ids B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B Dubois had differing opinions on the color-line. Wells and Dubois felt the color-line created prejudice toward blacks and that the black population could not become equal with the whites under such conditions. On the other hand, Booker T. Washington thought the laws were a good compromise between the†¦show more content†¦Dubois said, â€Å"Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things, --First, political power, second, insistence on civil rights, third, higher education of Negro yo uth, and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South.† Washington believed that the blacks could not move forward without giving up political power, civil rights, and higher education. He thought they had to give up those ideas for now and focus on wealth, industrial education and be friendly with the south. He thought once these objects were accomplished then the blacks could obtain the freedom and rights they wanted. Therefore, he felt that for now the color-line was ok because blacks needed to first earn their rights before they were handed over to them. William Edward Burghardt Dubois was the first African-American to earn a doctorate and lived Atlanta Georgia. He was civil rights activist and historian. In 1903 he wrote The Souls of Black Folk where he disagreed with Washington because he felt the color-line was performing a disservice to the black population. While Dubois acknowledges him as, â₠¬Å"a compromiser between the South, the North, and the Negro† : he also said,† Mr. Washington is especially to be criticized.† Dubois believed the exact opposite of Washington, he said, â€Å"Such men feel in conscience bound to ask of this nationShow MoreRelatedBooker T. Washington And His Critics : The Idea Of Racial Compromise1270 Words   |  6 PagesBooker T. Washington and His Critics: The Idea of Racial Compromise The era of Jim Crow began after the end of Reconstruction in 1877, in which through the rebuilding of the South, whites established laws and customs that forced freed slaves to stay marginalized and targeted by Southern whites. The purpose of these Jim Crow ideas was to keep blacks and white separated, and to also keep blacks from progressing in society. For instance, Southern whites forced blacks to take literacy testsRead MoreThe Gilded Age1542 Words   |  7 Pagesuntil the Progressive Era that racial segregation started gaining attention and African Americans, as well as those who wanted them to be treated equally, began making changes and their fight against racial segregation began to improve. The Niagara movement was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 made up of the intellectual elite of the African American community, founded by W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter. It was called the Niagara movement because their first movement was heldRead MoreRacial Segregation And African Americans999 Words   |  4 Pagescommunities and the educational promise for many African Americans. W.E.B. DuBois was fortunate enough to grow up in an integrated community and was able to receive an education that many Black Americans would never see. DuBois, the first African American to receive a doctorate, never once took his advantage of education for granted and used his knowledge to promote equal rights and equal education for African Americans. DuBois felt that through education and action the African American communityRead MoreCash Crops1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ruin of your fireside. Cast down your bucket among these people... —Booker T. Washington, 1895 In this speech at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition, Washington was talking to both black and white southerners. What was he telling them to do in order to be successful in the New South? ï‚ · By making friends in every manly way of the people of all races, by whom you are surrounded, refers to sending your bucket deep into the well and bringing up a wealth of good stuff, and Its a metaphor for casting outRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesslaves, but for a slave in 1864, African American’s vision of freedom was limited because they had been seen as property for such a long time. Slaves didn t know what was out there and there were many whites against this new freedom they had just received. Although, they were aware that they weren t equal to whites at the time, they didn t completely know what freedom could really mean. As time went on they started to see what came with freedom and they began to demand what they deserved. TheRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Ida B. Wells Barnett, Booker T. Washington1070 Words   |  5 Pagesracial issues in America were Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. DuBois; all of whom contributed in the fight for racial equality in their own way. On July, 16, 1863, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, commonly known as Ida B. Wells was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Her father, James Wells, was a master carpenter whom became interested in politics after the Civil War. Her mother, Elizabeth Wells, was a cook and described as a very strict religious woman. Ida was the eldest of eight childrenRead MoreLight On The Life And Accomplishments Of Ida B. Wells1433 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this paper is to shine light on the life and accomplishments of Ida B. wells. She wasn’t a sociologist but her contributions to sociology were major Patricia A. Schechter has written an expansive and important biography of Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Ida B. Wells was born to slaves in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. Ida B. Wells parents were active in the Republican Party during Reconstruction. James, Wells father, was involved with the Freedman’s Aid Society and helped start ShawRead MoreRight After The Civil War892 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesAproximately, 90 % of African Americans lived in the south. They were deprive of education, so most of them were farm laborers who owned no land. The economy standards were very low. The average income was 27% of the northerns, industrialization was not well developed yet, and transportation was still ineficient. As the economy was not getting better, African American farmers were forced into sharecropping and crop lien. Farmers became victims of ABC s who were loaning them more and more money that farmersRead MoreAfrican Transformation from 1865-19201832 Words   |  8 Pagesvote, congress passed the 15th amendment, which made it legal for blacks to vote. Even with the right to vote blacks were suppressed by and scared out of voting be the Klu Klux Klan which used tactics such a lynchings to scare blacks of voting. Ida B. Wells was a black journalist who exposed lynchings in the U.S. Literacy test and poll taxes were also tactics used by white surprimisist to get blacks not to vote. Even with black codes and the KKK, this time period of Reconstruction was still a successfulRead MoreIndustrialization took place during the 1877-1920’s. It transformed a group of people from a700 Words   |  3 Pagesof segregation. W.E.B. Du Bois organized the Niagara Movement and out of that came the national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP). Dubois became frustrated with the progress of civil rights in the U.S., moved to Ghana, and gave up his American citizenship. Booker T Washington befriended the white people that supported slavery in order to get financial support for Tuskegee Institute. He was an active supporter of African American education. Ida B. Wells, a writer for the

The Rate Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay - 1625 Words

Beginning in the 1960s, the national crime rate sharply increased. At the same time, evaluations of correctional interventions during the rehabilitative period claimed, â€Å"nothing works† (Lipton, Martinson, Wilks, 1975; Martinson, 1974). The pendulum swing from treatment to punishment also filtered down to the juvenile justice system. The sharp increase in adolescent and young adult homicides in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Cook Laub, 1998) was tied to the presumed new wave of juvenile â€Å"superpredators† There were three main assumptions for the rise in crime of juveniles that consist of: the relative proportion of serious and violent offenders among all juvenile delinquents was growing; that juvenile offenders were becoming younger and younger; and that juveniles were committing more and more violent crimes. A new wave of minority superpredators did not develop, nor did a general wave of juvenile violence occur. To be sure, rates of violent juvenile behavior increased in some cities in the 1980s and early 1990s, including Pittsburgh (Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber et al., 2008) and Denver (Huizinga, Weiher, Espiritu, Esbensen, 2003). However, analyses of national self-report and victimization data showed that the claimed increase in juvenile violence was exaggerated (Howell, 2003b; Snyder Sickmund, 2000). Even at the height of the juvenile crime increase (1993), â€Å"only about 6% of all juvenile arrests were for violent crimes and less than one-tenth of oneShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency And The Recidivism Rate2469 Words   |  10 Pages Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Nathaniel L. Rogers CJ 3090 Dr. Morrison November 24, 2014 Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Juvenile Delinquency seems to always find itself on the front pages of newspapers. The juvenile delinquency rate is very high in America, today. According to Seigel and Welsh (2014) juvenile delinquency is defined as the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under the statutory age limit (p. 648). TheRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Recidivism Rate2261 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Juvenile Delinquency seems to always find itself on the front pages of newspapers. The juvenile delinquency rate is very high in America, today. According to Seigel and Welsh (2014) juvenile delinquency is defined as the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under the statutory age limit (p. 648). The statutory age limit varies in different states. For example, a juvenile might be considered an adult in different state for variousRead MoreNotes On Crime Rates And Juvenile Delinquency3087 Words   |  13 PagesClearwater police say that crime rates vary year to year and location to location. Throughout the past years crime rates have increased and decreased depending on the area we live in. This includes misdemeanor crimes such as small school fights or vandalizing textbooks. Lots of countries decide to deal with this issue with death penalties instead of doing something less drastic. I do not agree with such drastic measures, though. In order to lower crime rat es, juvenile delinquents should be charged asRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the courts deal with juvenile delinquents varies depending on the country. Even the age of criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people think when you become 18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. TheRead MoreFactors That Cause The Increase Rate Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease rate of Juvenile delinquencies. A survey research design will be used. Simple random sampling technique will be used while questionnaire and interview schedule will be necessary data collection instruments. This project will use the findings to know how to reduce the increasing rates of juvenile delinquency and also how to improve the current juvenile institutions available in order to be more productive. Juvenile Delinquency Introduction Juvenile delinquency is a situationRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration Rates Among African American Males1339 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world, this country is known to have the greatest number of people go to jail yearly than any other state shown in records. Chicago, Illinois is known to be the city that never sleeps, the city that encompasses the highest rates of homicides, drug smuggling and highest incarceration rates among African American males. Delinquency is a social term in society often used to describe individuals who have been involved in criminalRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Class and Delinquency Essays1498 Words   |  6 Pagespreconceived notions regarding the relationship between social class and delinquency. A common assumption is that lower-class juveniles are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior than their higher-class counterparts. Criminologists have performed a large number of studies examining the socio-demographic characteristics of delinquents, which often yielded contradictory results. When analyzing the exte nt and trend of juvenile delinquency in the United States conclusions can be drawn from estimates derivedRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, according to Agnew and Brezina, is the violation of the law by a minor which is any persons under the age of 18 in most states. There are many contributing factors to juvenile delinquency such as domestic issues or stress at school, and there are also four different theories, strain, social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juveniles commence in delinquent behavior. This particular discussion however, is going toRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 Pageslearned through associations with others who commit crimes. Juveniles are very impressionable or gullible, wherein they want to be popular or part of the in-crowd or clique. In comparison to the 1970’s versus today, juveniles are emulating criminals depicted on television not just through associations. Consider the current state of technology, specifically the internet and websites such as â€Å"You Tube.† With respect to crime and juvenile delinquents, You Tube is and can be a negative influence. In

Vampire Academy Chapter 16 Free Essays

SIXTEEN THE NEXT DAY, IT FULLY hit me how much things had changed since the Jesse-and-Ralf rumors first started. For some people, I remained a nonstop source of whispers and laughter. From Lissa’s converts, I received friendliness and occasional defense. We will write a custom essay sample on Vampire Academy Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overall, I realized, our classmates actually gave me very little of their attention anymore. This became especially true when something new distracted everyone. Lissa and Aaron. Apparently, Mia had found about the party and had blown up when she learned that Aaron had been there without her. She’d bitched at him and told him that if he wanted to be with her, he couldn’t run around and hang out with Lissa. So Aaron had decided he didn’t want to be with her. He’d broken up with her that morning†¦and moved on. Now he and Lissa were all over each other. They stood around in the hall and at lunch, arms wrapped around one another, laughing and talking. Lissa’s bond feelings showed only mild interest, despite her gazing at him as though he was the most fascinating thing on the planet. Most of this was for show, unbeknownst to him. He looked as though he could have built a shrine at her feet at any moment. And me? I felt ill. My feelings were nothing, however, compared to Mia’s. At lunch, she sat on the far side of the room from us, eyes fixed pointedly ahead, ignoring the consolations of the friends near her. She had blotchy pink patches on her pale, round cheeks, and her eyes were red-rimmed. She said nothing mean when I walked past. No smug jokes. No mocking glares. Lissa had destroyed her, just as Mia had vowed to do us. The only person more miserable than Mia was Christian. Unlike her, he had no qualms about studying the happy couple while wearing an open look of hatred on his face. As usual, no one except me even noticed. After watching Lissa and Aaron make out for the tenth time, I left lunch early and went to see Ms. Carmack, the teacher who taught elemental basics. I’d been wanting to ask her something for a while. â€Å"Rose, right?† She seemed surprised to see me but not angry or annoyed like half the other teachers did lately. â€Å"Yeah. I have a question about, um, magic.† She raised an eyebrow. Novices didn’t take magic classes. â€Å"Sure. What do you want to know?† â€Å"I was listening to the priest talk about St. Vladimir the other day†¦Do you know what element he specialized in? Vladimir, I mean. Not the priest.† She frowned. â€Å"Odd. As famous as he is around here, I’m surprised it never comes up. I’m no expert, but in all the stories I’ve heard, he never did anything that I’d say connects to any one of the elements. Either that or no one ever recorded it.† â€Å"What about his healings?† I pushed further. â€Å"Is there an element that lets you perform those?† â€Å"No, not that I know of.† Her lips quirked into a small smile. â€Å"People of faith would say he healed through the power of God, not any sort of elemental magic. After all, one thing the stories are certain about is that he was ? ®full of spirit.’ â€Å" â€Å"Is it possible he didn’t specialize?† Her smile faded. â€Å"Rose, is this really about St. Vladimir? Or is it about Lissa?† â€Å"Not exactly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stammered. â€Å"I know it’s hard on her – especially in front of all her classmates – but she has to be patient,† she explained gently. â€Å"It will happen. It always happens.† â€Å"But sometimes it doesn’t.† â€Å"Rarely. But I don’t think she’ll be one of those. She’s got a higher-than-average aptitude in all four, even if she hasn’t hit specialized levels. One of them will shoot up any day now.† That gave me an idea. â€Å"Is it possible to specialize in more than one element?† She laughed and shook her head. â€Å"No. Too much power. No one could handle all that magic, not without losing her mind.† Oh. Great. â€Å"Okay. Thanks.† I started to leave, then thought of something else. â€Å"Hey, do you remember Ms. Karp? What did she specialize in?† Ms. Carmack got that uncomfortable look other teachers did whenever anyone mentioned Ms. Karp. â€Å"Actually – â€Å" â€Å"What?† â€Å"I almost forgot. I think she really was one of the rare ones who never specialized. She just always kept a very low control over all four.† I spent the rest of my afternoon classes thinking about Ms. Carmack’s words, trying to work them into my unified Lissa-Karp-Vladimir theory. I also watched Lissa. So many people wanted to talk to her now that she barely noticed my silence. Every so often, though, I’d see her glance at me and smile, a tired look in her eyes. Laughing and gossiping all day with people she only sort of liked was taking its toll on her. â€Å"The mission’s accomplished,† I told her after school. â€Å"We can stop Project Brainwash.† We sat on benches in the courtyard, and she swung her legs back and forth. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"You’ve done it. You stopped people from making my life horrible. You destroyed Mia. You stole Aaron. Play with him for another couple weeks, then drop him and the other royals. You’ll be happier.† â€Å"You don’t think I’m happy now?† â€Å"I know you aren’t. Some of the parties are fun, but you hate pretending to be friends with people you don’t like – and you don’t like most of them. I know how much Xander pissed you off the other night.† â€Å"He’s a jerk, but I can deal with that. If I stop hanging out with them, everything’ll go back to the way it was. Mia will just start up again. This way, she can’t bother us.† â€Å"It’s not worth it if everything else is bothering you.† â€Å"Nothing’s bothering me.† She sounded a little defensive. â€Å"Yeah?† I asked meanly. â€Å"Because you’re so in love with Aaron? Because you can’t wait to have sex with him again?† She glared at me. â€Å"Have I mentioned you can be a huge bitch sometimes?† I ignored that. â€Å"I’m just saying you’ve got enough shit to worry about without all this. You’re burning yourself out with all the compulsion you’re using.† â€Å"Rose!† She glanced anxiously around. â€Å"Be quiet!† â€Å"But it’s true. Using it all the time is going to screw with your head. For real.† â€Å"Don’t you think you’re getting carried away?† â€Å"What about Ms. Karp?† Lissa’s expression went very still. â€Å"What about her?† â€Å"You. You’re just like her.† â€Å"No, I’m not!† Outrage flashed in those green eyes. â€Å"She healed too.† Hearing me talk about this shocked her. This topic had weighed us down for so long, but we’d almost never spoken about it. â€Å"That doesn’t mean anything.† â€Å"You don’t think it does? Do you know anyone else who can do that? Or can use compulsion on dhampirs and Moroi?† â€Å"She never used compulsion like that,† she argued. â€Å"She did. She tried to use it on me the night she left. It started to work, but then they took her away before she finished.† Or had they? After all, it was only a month later that Lissa and I had run away from the Academy. I’d always thought that was my own idea, but maybe Ms. Karp’s suggestion had been the true force behind it. Lissa crossed her arms. Her face looked defiant, but her emotions felt uneasy. â€Å"Fine. So what? So she’s a freak like me. That doesn’t mean anything. She went crazy because†¦well, that was just the way she was. That’s got nothing to do with anything else.† â€Å"But it’s not just her,† I said slowly. â€Å"There’s someone else like you guys, too. Someone I found.† I hesitated. â€Å"You know St. Vladimir†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And that’s when I finally let it all out. I told her everything. I told her about how she, Ms. Karp, and St. Vladimir could all heal and use super-compulsion. Although it made her squirm, I told her how they too grew easily upset and had tried to hurt themselves. â€Å"He tried to kill himself,† I said, not meeting her eyes. â€Å"And I used to notice marks on Ms. Karp’s skin – like she’d claw at her own face. She tried to hide it with her hair, but I could see the old scratches and tell when she made new ones.† â€Å"It doesn’t mean anything,† insisted Lissa. â€Å"It – it’s all a coincidence.† She sounded like she wanted to believe that, and inside, some part of her really did. But there was another part of her, a desperate part of her that had wanted for so long to know that she wasn’t a freak, that she wasn’t alone. Even if the news was bad, at least now she knew there were others like her. â€Å"Is it a coincidence that neither of them seems to have specialized?† I recounted my conversation with Ms. Carmack and explained my theory about specializing in all four elements. I also repeated Ms. Carmack’s comment about how that would burn someone out. Lissa rubbed her eyes when I finished, smudging a little of her makeup. She gave me a weak smile. â€Å"I don’t know what’s crazier: what you’re actually telling me or the fact that you actually read something to find all this out.† I grinned, relieved that she’d actually mustered a joke. â€Å"Hey, I know how to read too.† â€Å"I know you do. I also know it took you a year to read The Da Vinci Code.† She laughed. â€Å"That wasn’t my fault! And don’t try to change the subject.† â€Å"I’m not.† She smiled, then sighed. â€Å"I just don’t know what to think about all this.† â€Å"There’s nothing to think about. Just don’t do stuff that’ll upset you. Remember coasting through the middle? Go back to that. It’s a lot easier on you.† She shook her head. â€Å"I can’t do that. Not yet.† â€Å"Why not? I already told you – † I stopped, wondering why I hadn’t caught on before. â€Å"It’s not just Mia. You’re doing all this because you feel like you’re supposed to. You’re still trying to be Andre.† â€Å"My parents would have wanted me to – â€Å" â€Å"Your parents would have wanted you to be happy.† â€Å"It’s not that easy, Rose. I can’t ignore these people forever. I’m royal too.† â€Å"Most of them suck.† â€Å"And a lot of them are going to help rule the Moroi. Andre knew that. He wasn’t like the others, but he did what he had to do because he knew how important they were.† I leaned back against the bench. â€Å"Well, maybe that’s the problem. We’re deciding who’s ? ®important’ based on family alone, so we end up with these screwed-up people making decisions. That’s why Moroi numbers are dropping and bitches like Tatiana are queen. Maybe there needs to be a new royal system.† â€Å"Come on, Rose. This is the way it is; that’s the way it’s been for centuries. We have to live with that.† I glared. â€Å"Okay, how about this?† she continued. â€Å"You’re worried about me becoming like them – like Ms. Karp and St. Vladimir – right? Well, she said I shouldn’t use the powers, that it would make things get worse if I did. What if I just stop? Compulsion, healing, everything.† I narrowed my eyes. â€Å"You could do that?† The convenient compulsion aside, that was what I’d wanted her to do the whole time. Her depression had started at the same time the powers emerged, just after the accident. I had to believe they were connected, particularly in light of the evidence and Ms. Karp’s warnings. â€Å"Yes.† Her face was perfectly composed, her expression serious and steady. With her pale hair woven into a neat French braid and a suede blazer over her dress, she looked like she could have taken her family’s place on the council right now. â€Å"You’d have to give up everything,† I warned. â€Å"No healing, no matter how cute and cuddly the animal. And no more compulsion to dazzle the royals.† She nodded seriously. â€Å"I can do it. Will that make you feel better?† â€Å"Yeah, but I’d feel even better if you stopped magic and went back to hanging out with Natalie.† â€Å"I know, I know. But I can’t stop, not now at least.† I couldn’t get her to budge on that – yet – but knowing that she would avoid using her powers relieved me. â€Å"All right,† I said, picking up my backpack. I was late for practice. Again. â€Å"You can keep playing with the brat pack, so long as you keep the ? ®other stuff’ in check.† I hesitated. â€Å"And you know, you really have made your point with Aaron and Mia. You don’t have to keep him around to keep hanging out with the royals.† â€Å"Why do I keep getting the feeling you don’t like him anymore?† â€Å"I like him okay – which is about as much as you like him. And I don’t think you should get hot and sweaty with people you only like ? ®okay’ â€Å" Lissa widened her eyes in pretend astonishment. â€Å"Is this Rose Hathaway talking? Have you reformed? Or do you have someone you like ? ®more than okay’?† â€Å"Hey,† I said uncomfortably, â€Å"I’m just looking out for you. That, and I never noticed how boring Aaron is before.† She scoffed. â€Å"You think everyone’s boring.† â€Å"Christian isn’t.† It slipped out before I could stop it. She quit smiling. â€Å"He’s a jerk. He just stopped talking to me for no reason one day.† She crossed her arms. â€Å"And don’t you hate him anyway?† â€Å"I can still hate him and think he’s interesting.† But I was also starting to think that I might have made a big mistake about Christian. He was creepy and dark and liked to set people on fire, true. On the other hand, he was smart and funny – in a twisted way – and somehow had a calming effect on Lissa. But I’d messed it all up. I’d let my anger and jealousy get the best of me and ended up separating them. If I’d let him go to her in the garden that night, maybe she wouldn’t have gotten upset and cut herself. Maybe they’d be together now, away from all the school politics. Fate must have been thinking the same thing, because five minutes after I left Lissa, I passed Christian walking across the quad. Our eyes locked for a moment before we passed each other. I nearly kept walking. Nearly. Taking a deep breath, I came to a stop. â€Å"Wait†¦Christian.† I called out to him. Damn, I was so late for training. Dimitri was going to kill me. Christian spun around to face me, hands stuffed in the pockets of his long black coat, his posture slumped and uncaring. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Thanks for the books.† He didn’t say anything. â€Å"The ones you gave to Mason.† â€Å"Oh, I thought you meant the other books.† Smartass. â€Å"Aren’t you going to ask what they were for?† â€Å"Your business. Just figured you were bored being suspended.† â€Å"I’d have to be pretty bored for that.† He didn’t laugh at my joke. â€Å"What do you want, Rose? I’ve got places to be.† I knew he was lying, but my sarcasm no longer seemed as funny as usual. â€Å"I want you to, uh, hang out with Lissa again.† â€Å"Are you serious?† He studied me closely, suspicion all over him. â€Å"After what you said to me?† â€Å"Yeah, well†¦Didn’t Mason tell you?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Christian’s lips turned up into a sneer. â€Å"He told me something.† â€Å"And?† â€Å"And I don’t want to hear it from Mason.† His sneer cranked up when I glared. â€Å"You sent him to apologize for you. Step up and do it yourself.† â€Å"You’re a jerk,† I informed him. â€Å"Yeah. And you’re a liar. I want to see you eat your pride.† â€Å"I’ve been eating my pride for two weeks,† I growled. Shrugging, he turned around and started to walk away. â€Å"Wait!† I called, putting my hand on his shoulder. He stopped and looked back at me. â€Å"All right, all right. I lied about how she felt. She never said any of that stuff about you, okay? She likes you. I made it up because I don’t like you.† â€Å"And yet you want me to talk to her.† When the next words left my lips, I could barely believe it. â€Å"I think†¦you might be†¦good for her.† We stared at each other for several heavy moments. His smirk dried up a little. Not much surprised him. This did. â€Å"I’m sorry. I didn’t hear you. Can you repeat that?† he finally asked. I almost punched him in the face. â€Å"Will you stop it already? I want you to hang out with her again.† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Look, I told you, I lied – â€Å" â€Å"It’s not that. It’s her. You think I can talk to her now? She’s Princess Lissa again.† Venom dripped off his words. â€Å"I can’t go near her, not when she’s surrounded by all those royals.† â€Å"You’re royal too,† I said, more to myself than him. I kept forgetting the Ozeras were one of the twelve families. â€Å"Doesn’t mean much in a family full of Strigoi, huh?† â€Å"But you’re not – wait. That’s why she connects to you,† I realized with a start. â€Å"Because I’m going to become a Strigoi?† he asked snidely. â€Å"No†¦because you lost your parents too. Both of you saw them die.† â€Å"She saw hers die. I saw mine murdered.† I flinched. â€Å"I know. I’m sorry, it must have been†¦well, I don’t have any idea what it was like.† Those crystal-blue eyes went unfocused. â€Å"It was like seeing an army of Death invade my house.† â€Å"You mean†¦your parents?† He shook his head. â€Å"The guardians who came to kill them. I mean, my parents were scary, yeah, but they still looked like my parents – a little paler, I guess. Some red in their eyes. But they walked and talked the same way. I didn’t know anything was wrong with them, but my aunt did. She was watching me when they came for me.† â€Å"Were they going to convert you?† I’d forgotten my original mission here, too caught up in the story. â€Å"You were really little.† â€Å"I think they were going to keep me until I was older, then turn me. Aunt Tasha wouldn’t let them take me. They tried to reason with her, convert her too, but when she wouldn’t listen, they tried to take her by force. She fought them – got really messed up – and then the guardians showed up.† His eyes drifted back to me. He smiled, but there was no happiness in it. â€Å"Like I said, an army of Death. I think you’re crazy, Rose, but if you turn out like the rest of them, you’re going to be able to do some serious damage one day. Even I won’t mess with you.† I felt horrible. He’d had a miserable life, and I’d taken away one of the few good things in it. â€Å"Christian, I’m sorry for screwing things up between you and Lissa. It was stupid. She wanted to be with you. I think she still does now. If you could just – â€Å" â€Å"I told you, I can’t.† â€Å"I’m worried about her. She’s into all this royal stuff because she thinks it’s going to get back at Mia – she’s doing it for me.† â€Å"And you aren’t grateful?† The sarcasm returned. â€Å"I’m worried. She can’t handle playing all these catty political games. It isn’t good for her, but she won’t listen to me. I could†¦I could use help.† â€Å"She could use help. Hey, don’t look so surprised – I know there’s something funny going on with her. And I’m not even talking about the wrist thing.† I jumped. â€Å"Did she tell you?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Why not? She’d told him everything else. â€Å"She didn’t need to,† he said. â€Å"I’ve got eyes.† I must have looked pathetic, because he sighed and ran a hand through his hair. â€Å"Look, if I catch Lissa alone†¦I’ll try to talk to her. But honestly†¦if you really want to help her†¦well, I know I’m supposed to be all anti-establishment, but you might get the best help talking to somebody else. Kirova. Your guardian guy. I don’t know. Someone who knows something. Someone you trust.† â€Å"Lissa wouldn’t like that.† I considered. â€Å"Neither would I.† â€Å"Yeah, well, we all have to do things we don’t like. That’s life.† My snarky switch flipped on. â€Å"What are you, an after-school special?† A ghostly smile flickered across his face. â€Å"If you weren’t so psychotic, you’d be fun to hang around.† â€Å"Funny, I feel that way about you too.† He didn’t say anything else, but the smile grew, and he walked away. How to cite Vampire Academy Chapter 16, Essay examples