Lyme Disease A Rapidly Spreading Infectious Disease

Introduction Lyme disease is a rapidly spreading infectious disease in the United States, with over 25,000 confirmed cases in 2013.5 It was first discovered in the early-1970’s in the town of Lyme, Connecticut when a group of children started to present with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Some of these children presented with a rash and researchers connected the symptoms to occurring during peak tick season. By the mid-1970’s, the researchers began describing the symptoms and coining the term â€Å"Lyme disease† to help doctors diagnose the condition. The cause, however, was not discovered until 1981 by researchers at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Montana and finally the connection between deer ticks and Lyme disease was†¦show more content†¦Typically, the rash will gradually expand over a period of several days and can reach up to a foot across and will feel warm to the touch. As it expands, the center of the rash will clear forming a ring and giving it the â€Å"bull’s eye† appearance. The rash will only appear in 70-80% of infected individuals.2 the individual may present with flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, chills, fever, headache, lethargy, myalgias or arthralgias.1 Stage 2 or the disseminated infection, is when neurological symptoms (15% of cases) such as stiff neck, mild headache, and difficulty with mentation will appear. Bell’s Palsy may also occur at this point. Approximately half of undiagnosed cases will develop Lyme arthritis and changing musculoskeletal pain.1 Swelling and pain in large joints as well as shooting pains that wake individuals at night may occur. There may be additional EM rashes over various parts of the body as well as heart palpitations and dizziness due to changes in heartbeat, which is known as Lyme carditis.2 This will begin days to weeks after the spirochete has spread.1 These symptoms may resolve on their own over weeks to months, but if Lyme is left untreated, it can result in long term symptoms and conditions or Stage 3.2 Stage 3 or late persistent infection will present months after the initial infection. 60% of untreated cases will develop intermittent arthritis causing severe joint pain and swelling. Additionally, approximately 5% will develop

Congo Poverty Free Essays

Poverty has worsened in the Republic of Congo since the 1980s and half the country’s people now live below the poverty line. This average, however, masks wide geographic and economic inequalities. Most of the country’s poor people (64. We will write a custom essay sample on Congo Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 per cent) live in rural areas and women are among the hardest hit by poverty. In 2006, more than a third of children under five in rural areas suffered from malnutrition. Access to water is also poor in rural areas where only 11 per cent of people can get water compared with 75 per cent of people in urban areas. Rural people also have a higher unemployment rate with close to 50 per cent of the economically active rural population being out of work. Young people and vulnerable groups are particularly hard hit. The country’s turbulent history — a troubled transition from centralized planning under a Marxist government to a market economy, together with economic mismanagement, military coups and brutal civil conflict during the 1990s — have all left their marks. The vital national rail line and adjacent rural roads forming the Congo’s economic lifeline were ruined. At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country’s people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became acute and the financial sector came close to collapse. Poverty became deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. Transportation costs are very high which seriously hampers small producers’ access to markets. HIV/AIDS affects 5. 3 per cent of the population, but affects the 15-49 year age group the most and is an obstacle to reducing poverty in the Congo. An estimated 90,000 adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003. The government supports a multi-agency initiative implementing a ten-year programme to assist people living with HIV/AIDS. Who are the Congo’s rural poor people? Although half the country’s people live below the poverty line, the poorest people are in rural areas where they earn a livelihood as are small-scale farmers and fishers. There are also poor people living in peri-urban areas who have no access to land. Because of the low population density in rural areas, access to land is not a major problem for most rural people. But in peri-urban areas, where small plots can be profitable, land has become a scarce resource, and people without access to land or off-farm employment are the poorest of the poor. The most vulnerable of all poor people are young people and women, who are the primary agricultural producers and processors. Where are they? Poverty is most severe in the Congo’s rural areas where people are more isolated and there is little investment. Why are they poor? Despite the country’s huge potential, there are several causes of the poverty in the Congo: * microfinance in rural areas is almost non-existent; low agricultural productivity as a result of traditional cultivation methods, insufficient use of inputs such as improved seeds and planting materials and fertilizers; * vehicles, access roads, crossings and navigation channels are in very poor condition which makes transport and other costs high; * difficulties in marketing because of weak collection and distribution organizati ons, basic processing equipment and a frail communication system connecting producers, traders and consumers. Not to be mixed with the neighboring Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has become the poorest country in the world as of 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire until 1997. Congo is the largest country in the world that has French as an official language – the population of D. R Congo is about six million larger than the population of France (71 million people in D. R Congo vs 65 million in France). The Second Congo War beginning in 1998 has devastated the country. The war that involves at least 7 foreign armies is the deadliest conflict in the world since World War II – by 2008 the Second Congo War and its aftermath had killed 5. 4 million people. How to cite Congo Poverty, Papers Congo Poverty Free Essays Poverty has worsened in the Republic of Congo since the 1980s and half the country’s people now live below the poverty line. This average, however, masks wide geographic and economic inequalities. Most of the country’s poor people (64. We will write a custom essay sample on Congo Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 per cent) live in rural areas and women are among the hardest hit by poverty. In 2006, more than a third of children under five in rural areas suffered from malnutrition. Access to water is also poor in rural areas where only 11 per cent of people can get water compared with 75 per cent of people in urban areas. Rural people also have a higher unemployment rate with close to 50 per cent of the economically active rural population being out of work. Young people and vulnerable groups are particularly hard hit. The country’s turbulent history — a troubled transition from centralized planning under a Marxist government to a market economy, together with economic mismanagement, military coups and brutal civil conflict during the 1990s — have all left their marks. The vital national rail line and adjacent rural roads forming the Congo’s economic lifeline were ruined. At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country’s people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became acute and the financial sector came close to collapse. Poverty became deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. Transportation costs are very high which seriously hampers small producers’ access to markets. HIV/AIDS affects 5. 3 per cent of the population, but affects the 15-49 year age group the most and is an obstacle to reducing poverty in the Congo. An estimated 90,000 adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003. The government supports a multi-agency initiative implementing a ten-year programme to assist people living with HIV/AIDS. Who are the Congo’s rural poor people? Although half the country’s people live below the poverty line, the poorest people are in rural areas where they earn a livelihood as are small-scale farmers and fishers. There are also poor people living in peri-urban areas who have no access to land. Because of the low population density in rural areas, access to land is not a major problem for most rural people. But in peri-urban areas, where small plots can be profitable, land has become a scarce resource, and people without access to land or off-farm employment are the poorest of the poor. The most vulnerable of all poor people are young people and women, who are the primary agricultural producers and processors. Where are they? Poverty is most severe in the Congo’s rural areas where people are more isolated and there is little investment. Why are they poor? Despite the country’s huge potential, there are several causes of the poverty in the Congo: * microfinance in rural areas is almost non-existent; low agricultural productivity as a result of traditional cultivation methods, insufficient use of inputs such as improved seeds and planting materials and fertilizers; * vehicles, access roads, crossings and navigation channels are in very poor condition which makes transport and other costs high; * difficulties in marketing because of weak collection and distribution organizati ons, basic processing equipment and a frail communication system connecting producers, traders and consumers. Not to be mixed with the neighboring Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has become the poorest country in the world as of 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire until 1997. Congo is the largest country in the world that has French as an official language – the population of D. R Congo is about six million larger than the population of France (71 million people in D. R Congo vs 65 million in France). The Second Congo War beginning in 1998 has devastated the country. The war that involves at least 7 foreign armies is the deadliest conflict in the world since World War II – by 2008 the Second Congo War and its aftermath had killed 5. 4 million people. How to cite Congo Poverty, Essay examples

Error in the Financial Statements and Reporting Free Sample

Question: (1) When finalising the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2014 two significant errors were made and there is debate as to whether we should simply adjust the financial statements in the current year or change last years financial statements as well. The IT system of the company was installed 3 years ago at a cost of approximately $3.5 million and was estimated to last 10 years. However the latest technology advancements indicate that this was a very optimistic estimate and that the maximum life span of this equipment will probably be not more than 6 years in total with little or no residual value. It was also discovered in August 2014 that a machine worth $2.2 million purchased in January 2014 was erroneously written off to repairs and maintenance instead of being capitalised. Deberella the marketing director thinks we should just adjust this years figures to account for these problems but Peter indicated that it was slightly more complicated than that. Could you please give us some advice on this? (2) A number of employees who work on our strategic management team have been with us for a number of years - at least 12 of them have been with us since the company commenced operations in 2006. In accordance with the Employee Bargaining Agreement (EBA) all employees are entitled to long service leave of 13 weeks if they remain in service for 10 years. They are also entitled to pro rata long service leave after 6 years of service. Our usual practice is to show the long service leave expense in the income statement when the employee actually takes leave and is paid. Of course we maintain a memorandum record of the number of days each employee is entitled to. Peter has indicated to us that he thinks we should consider treating this expense in a different manner, which seems complicated. The directors are wondering why we should complicate a very simple way of calculating long service leave why not stick with recognising the expense when we pay for it? What do you think we should do and why? (3) Peter, the new financial controller, has also informed the board that the company will need to present a statement of cash flows with the financial statements in addition to those statements already being presented, which really attracted a lot of attention. Some of the directors thought it was a waste of time to present this statement as it was merely a summarised cash book. Others were of the opinion that it could be useful but didnt quite know how they would use it. The structure of the statement of cash flows also came into question with one of the directors suggesting that we merely needed to get a printout of the cash account and attach it. Another said that we couldnt just do that as we needed to show operating, instigating and financing cash flows in the statement. Could you please clarify this matter for us? Answer: Correction of error in the financial statements: As per the requirements of the ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, any correction in the errors that have taken place during the previous year will not be considered to be the change in accounting. But reporting the correction of an error that has taken place during any of the previous year have to be included in the financial statements retrospectively.(IAS, 2015) The section 2500 is concerned with the changes in the accounting and the correction of errors. The Internal accounting standard number 8 deals with the changes in the accounting estimates. Also, IAS 8.36 specifies that any change shall be charged to the income and expenditure account and the effect for all the previous years will take place in the income and expenditure statement of the current year.(IFRS,2015) As per ASC 250, requires that the changes in the prior periods financial statements would only and only be made when it is not impossible to determine the specific effects of the changes in the prior periods and then, if this is the case, then the concerned codification requires the application of the new principles of accounting to the balance of the assets and the liabilities.(EY, 2015) When an error is corrected, the following conditions have to be met so as to restate the financial statements of the prior periods: 1. Showing the cumulative effects of all the periods that are prior as against those that were there during the beginning of the first period 2. Offsetting of the opening balances of the retained earnings account 3. Adjustments in the prior periods financial statements.(Boundless,2015) Hence, keeping in mind the facts and the circumstances of the given case, the life of the equipment will be changed and the amount that has been wrongly changed to the repairs and maintenance account and charged in the income and expenditure statement. The value of the equipment shall be added to it and depreciation shall be subtracted from the same. Accounting of the long service expense: As per the AASB 30, accounting for the employee benefits and entitlements, the liabilities that are incurred in respect of the following are necessarily required to be expensed in the income and expenditure account: 1. Wages and salaries, annual leave and the sick leaves without considering the fact whether they have to be settled within the period of 6 months or not. 2. The other employee benefits and the entitlements that are expected to be settled within the period of 12 months and whether they will be measured at their nominal values. All the employees entitlements shall be measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The amounts have to be paid to the employees for the services that have been rendered by them to the employer.(ACE. NSW, 2015) As per the AASB 119, any liability that is due and is scheduled to be paid within the next 12 months should be measured on the nominal basis.(DHHS, 2015) All the expenses that are incurred during the regular course of the business are required to be included in the income and expenditure and the same have to be aggregated as against the revenues of the same period. Importance of cash flow statement: A cash flow statement deals with the various inflows and the outflows of the cash that takes place during the year. The following are the reasons due to which the cash flow statement is important: 1. It helps in ascertaining the cash position of the company. If the company has the positive cash flows, only then, will the company be able to meet its liabilities. 2. This statement helps in ascertaining the various inflows and the outflows of the money in respect of a project 3. When the information has to be reported to the manager and the shareholders along with the creditor. This statement becomes necessary to be reproduced. 4. The company could go on to be low on cash even when it is earning losses since a huge amount of money may have been tied up in accounts receivables and inventory.(Boundless, 2015) 5. If the company has a huge outflow of money, then the statement will tell the owners the same since the owners would know after looking at it whether they are drawing too much cash from the business or not. 6. The preparation of a cash flow statement would lead the company avoid the bankruptcy. 7. The cash flow statement is divided into 3 parts and each of these parts will tell a different story altogether throwing light on the various flows of the cash. 8. The statement will tell the company about the various payment that have been made in respect of the loans and the interest on the loans.(SSH, CPA, 2015) 9. Cash flow statement will help the company in knowing the actual amount of cash that the company is holding and ensures that no default is made by the company in respect of loan repayments 10. When a loan is taken from the bank, the bank ascertains the cash flow position of the company. In case, the position of the company is not good, then no loan is given to the company. Also, if the company prepares a cash flow statement, it will know where the cash is flowing away and whether it will be able to pay off the loan in the future or not. (Small business chron, 2015) References: Ey.com, 'Advisory, Assurance, Tax, Transaction Services'. In, 2015, https://www.ey.com [accessed 25 January 2015]. Iasplus.com, 'ASC 250 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections'. In, 2015, https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/fasb/presentation/asc250 [accessed 25 January 2015]. Ifrsclass.com, 'IFRS Financial Reporting Accounting Textbook by IFRSclass.com'. In, 2015, https://ifrsclass.com/accounting-textbooks/ifrs-reporting/2500-accounting-changes-error-correction.htm [accessed 25 January 2015]. 'Importance of Cash Flow Accounting'. In, 2014, https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/detailed-review-of-the-statement-of-cash-flows-14/cash-flow-accounting-89/importance-of-cash-flow-accounting-399-3721/ [accessed 25 January 2015]. 'Overview of Statement Changes and Errors'. in , , 2014, https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/special-topics-in-accounting-income-taxes-pensions-leases-errors-and-disclosures-15/making-changes-and-correcting-errors-94/overview-of-statement-changes-and-errors-406-1905/ [accessed 25 January 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, 'Importance of Cash Flow to a Business'. In, 2015, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-cash-flow-business-57376.html [accessed 25 January 2015]. Ssh-cpa.com, 'Importance of the Cash Flow Statement: Shepard Schwartz Harris LLP'. In, 2015, https://www.ssh-cpa.com/newsroom-publications-dont-overlook-the-cash-flow-statement.html [accessed 25 January 2015]. www.ace.nsw.gov.au, 'Income and expenditure'. In, 2015, https://www.ace.nsw.gov.au/images/files/stats/Publications/Informed%20and%20In%20control/Module%208%20trial.pdf [accessed 25 January 2015]. www.dhhs.tas.gov.au, 'AASB 119'. In, 2015, https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__.../Financial_Accountability_Explanatory_Notes [accessed 25 January 2015].

Separate but Equal

Martin Luther King greatly contributed to the development of civil rights movement in the United States; in his books and essays, he was able to shape public views on the ethical aspects of civil disobedience and protests against social injustice and laws. This paper is aimed at discussing his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Separate but Equal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, it is necessary to analyze this work in terms of ethos, pathos, and logos and the way in which King balances these three appeals in order to convince the readers. It should be taken into consideration that King’s letter was a response to the Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen or Call for Unity. To a great extent, its authors disapproved demonstrations against segregation and urged African-American community to withstand their rights in courts, rather than organize public pro tests. This suggestion was hardly acceptable for Martin Luther King. Overall, it is possible to argue that King is able to show that civil disobedience is a legitimate way of bringing social change. This is the main thesis that should be analyzed. At first, Martin Luther King makes an explicit appeal to ethos or credibility of the speaker. In other words, he tries to demonstrate that he is competent and knowledgeable enough in order to represent the black community. For instance, he points out that he was â€Å"president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference† (King unpaged). Furthermore, he speaks about the work of this organization and its principles, especially the avoidance of violence and crime (King unpaged). It is important to remember that King’s letter was a response to the statement made important clergymen of Alabama (Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen). By appealing to ethos, King attempts to demonstrate that he was equally suitable for th e positions of leadership in the community. Furthermore, he appeals to the credibility in order to challenge the ideas expressed by his opponents who accused him of extremism (Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen unpaged). For example, he notes that Martin Luther, who was the leading figure, could also be called an extremist (King unpaged). In this way, the author wishes to show that activism is vital for overcoming injustice. One can argue that Martin Luther King successfully appeals to credibility and his claims appear to be more substantiated.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally the author pays much attention to the use of pathos or emotions that prompt readers to feel empathy for the black community. In other words, he makes readers experience the challenges faced by African-Americans. In particular, the author describes the injustice of segregation laws and their i mpact on the life of a human being. For instance, he speaks about the feelings of a father who has to tell his daughter that â€Å"she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television† (King unpaged). This is a direct reference to the segregation laws established in the United States; these rules prohibited black people from entering parks, restaurants, and so forth. Such an example can convince every person that segregation laws can hardly be called just. On the whole, Martin King does make readers empathize with the suffering with the black people who were deprived of many opportunities. This is one of King’s major achievements. Finally, the author appeals to the rationality of the readers in order to highlight the necessity for public protest against the segregation and discrimination. For example, he argues that community has to take action in order to bring improvements or change legislation that is considered to be unjust ( King unpaged). Furthermore, Martin Luther King notes that social progress is possible only because some people decided to challenge the authority of the state. For instance, he mentions Socrates who insisted on the intellectual freedom of philosophers and educators (King unpaged). To a great extent, his behavior could be viewed as disobedience to the law, but nowadays, no one can say that his actions were unethical. Furthermore, King speaks about the famous Boston Tea Party that was an important event in history of the American Revolution. People, who were engaged in this protest, were regarded as criminals or rebels, but later they turned into national heroes. Each of these examples is rather eloquent and convincing. In this way, King succeeds in disputing the arguments expressed by the clergymen of Alabama. His letter shows how citizens are obliged to protest against laws deny people their rights. It is possible to say that he succeeds in explaining his ideas to the readers.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on Separate but Equal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, King’s Letter is a good example of public rhetoric. The author is able to use ethos, logos, and pathos in order to make his arguments more convincing. He appeals to credibility, emotions, and logic to show that segregation laws can hardly be called just, and that individuals have a right to protest. The author was able to give a response to the critics of civil disobedience. Even now this letter is worth attention, because it enables readers better understand the ethical aspects of public protest and civil disobedience. Works Cited King, Martin 1963, Letter from Birmingham Jail. Web. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html . Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen 1963. Web. https://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/09a/mlk_day/statement.html. This essay on Separate but Equal was written and submitted by user Kaelyn Odonnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Technology Is Important

quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites... Free Essays on Technology Is Important Free Essays on Technology Is Important The idea that technology directs the lives of all Americans is what Neil Postman claims in his essay â€Å"Virtual Students, Digital Classrooms.† He says that technology uses us, so we need to learn how to use technology. However, because we depend on technology, it is essential to our daily lives. Therefore, technology is much more important than Postman gives it credit for being. Postman gives his readers the idea that if a child is not old enough to understand the real world and the parents put their child in front of the computer, they will get farther away from the real world. This could only happen if people let their children sit in front of the computer day and night during all of their spare time. Otherwise, children can use computers to benefit themselves. The internet is part of technology that is still new and growing quickly. Web sites are being made that can help children with their homework and studying. For example, for math the website has a link where if a child gets confused doing their homework and there is no one around to help, they can ask Dr. Math a question. This site is not only for young children, they also have a link for college mathematics. Other subjects that students can receive help in are science, English, foreign languages, and social studies. Puzzles and games are available to make learning these subjects fun and int eresting. For parents who work more than one job and do not have much time to spend at home helping their children with their homework, these sights are a blessing. My younger brother uses these sights to study for things like vocabulary tests. Since it is interesting and fun, he learns the words quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites...

Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves Dates: born September 22, 1515 (?), died July 16, 1557Married Henry VIII of England on January 6, 1540, divorced (annulled) July 9, 1540 Known for: safely divorcing from Henry and surviving Also known as: Anna von JÃ ¼lich-Kleve-Berg Ancestry: Like each of the wives of Henry VIII, as well as Henry himself, Anne could claim descent from Englands King Edward I. Father: John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves (died 1538) (he was a descendent of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy)Mother: Maria of JÃ ¼lich-BergBrother: William the Rich, Duke of JÃ ¼lich-Cleves-BergSister: Sybille, married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, Champion of the Reformation Anne was, as a young child, unofficially betrothed to Francis, heir to the Duke of Lorraine. About Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour, Henry VIIIs beloved third wife, had died. France and the Holy Roman Empire were forging an alliance. Though Jane Seymour had given birth to a son, Henry knew that he needed more sons to ensure the succession. His attention turned towards a small German state, Cleves, which might prove a solid Protestant ally. Henry sent his court painter Hans Holbein to paint the portraits of the princesses Anne and Amelia. Henry selected Anne as his next wife. Soon after the wedding, if not before, Henry was looking once again for a divorce. He was attracted to Catherine Howard, the political basis for the match was no longer as strong a motivation since France and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer allies, and he found Anne both uncultured and unattractive he is said to have called her Mare of Flanders. Anne, fully aware of Henrys marital history, cooperated in an annulment, and retired from court with the title Kings Sister. Henry gave her Hever Castle, where he had wooed Anne Boleyn, as her home. Her position and fortune made her a powerful independent woman, though there was little opportunity to exercise such power in any public sphere. Anne befriended Henrys children, riding in the coronation of Mary with Elizabeth. Bibliography: Anne of Cleves: Fourth Wife of Henry VIII, Mary Saaler, 1995. This book covers Annes years after her divorce, as one of the most powerful and wealthy women in the world.The Marrying of Anne of Cleves : Royal Protocol in Early Modern England, Retha Warnike. 2000.The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir, 1993.The Wives of Henry VIII, Antonia Fraser, 1993.Letters of the Queens of England 1100-1547, Anne Crawford, editor, 1997. Includes Anne of Cleves.Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII: Drawings and Miniatures from the Royal Library Windsor Castle, Reto Niggl and Jane Roberts, 1997. Religion: Protestant (Lutheran)

In the two(2) novels, analyze how the science in Science Fiction is Essay

In the two(2) novels, analyze how the science in Science Fiction is essential to making Science Fiction a literature of cognitive estrangement - Essay Example Individuals will then believe, that confidence, to be a sense of power. So, we can see the link between science, psychology and power, with science being the initiator. But, some times the acquired power could be a false sense of power as well. This paper will discuss this link and the role of science through the characters, Case and Armitage in Neuromancer written by William Gibson and through Androids in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, written by Philip K. Dick, and thereby analyze how the science in Science Fiction is essential to making Science Fiction a literature of cognitive estrangement. The environment in Neuromancer is full of science in the form of cyberspace. In that environment, the central character of Case, a computer hacker was recruited by a shadowy character, Armitage along with Molly to complete a series of missions. And in the course of the story, that mission control gets transferred to an Artificial Intelligence entity, named Wintermute, which uses Case’s services and science to integrate with another AI entity, Neuromancer. The mind of Case is an addicted one. Apart from the drug addict ness, which he suffered due to his low life; Case’s mind was also addicted to an entirely different entity, the entity of Cyberspace. That is, Case’s desire to connect to the cyberspace was thwarted by the injections of neurotoxins administrated by his corporate employers for his act of stealing. So, this injection of neurotoxins destabilized his nervous system and made him ‘handicapped’ to jack in the cyberspace. This of inability of Case to connect to the cyberspace created a sort of craving for the cyberspace and which only transformed into addiction. â€Å"For Case, whod lived for the bodiless exultation of cyberspace, it was the Fall. (Gibson p.12)†. And, this addicted mind got a new thought process when Mr. Armitage, wanted to utilize Case’s hacking abilities. So, using the computer technology and